The Cell object¶
The Cell object represents three lattice vectors forming a parallel epiped.
atoms.cell
is a Cell object.
Examples:
>>> from ase.build import bulk
>>> cell = bulk('Au').cell
>>> cell
Cell([[0.0, 2.04, 2.04], [2.04, 0.0, 2.04], [2.04, 2.04, 0.0]], pbc=True)
The cell behaves like a 3x3 array when used like one:
>>> cell[:]
array([[0. , 2.04, 2.04],
[2.04, 0. , 2.04],
[2.04, 2.04, 0. ]])
Common functionality:
>>> cell.lengths()
array([2.88499567, 2.88499567, 2.88499567])
>>> cell.angles()
array([60., 60., 60.])
>>> cell.volume
16.979328000000002
-
class
ase.cell.
Cell
(array)[source]¶ Parallel epipedal unit cell of up to three dimensions.
This object resembles a 3x3 array whose [i, j]-th element is the jth Cartesian coordinate of the ith unit vector.
Cells of less than three dimensions are represented by placeholder unit vectors that are zero.
Create cell.
Parameters:
- array: 3x3 arraylike object
The three cell vectors: cell[0], cell[1], and cell[2].
-
classmethod
ascell
(cell)[source]¶ Return argument as a Cell object. See
ase.cell.Cell.new()
.A new Cell object is created if necessary.
-
bandpath
(path: Optional[str] = None, npoints: Optional[int] = None, *, density: Optional[float] = None, special_points: Optional[Mapping[str, Sequence[float]]] = None, eps: float = 0.0002, pbc: Union[bool, Sequence[bool]] = True) → ase.dft.kpoints.BandPath[source]¶ Build a
BandPath
for this cell.If special points are None, determine the Bravais lattice of this cell and return a suitable Brillouin zone path with standard special points.
If special special points are given, interpolate the path directly from the available data.
Parameters:
- path: string
String of special point names defining the path, e.g. ‘GXL’.
- npoints: int
Number of points in total. Note that at least one point is added for each special point in the path.
- density: float
density of kpoints along the path in Å⁻¹.
- special_points: dict
Dictionary mapping special points to scaled kpoint coordinates. For example
{'G': [0, 0, 0], 'X': [1, 0, 0]}
.- eps: float
Tolerance for determining Bravais lattice.
- pbc: three bools
Whether cell is periodic in each direction. Normally not necessary. If cell has three nonzero cell vectors, use e.g. pbc=[1, 1, 0] to request a 2D bandpath nevertheless.
Example
>>> cell = Cell.fromcellpar([4, 4, 4, 60, 60, 60]) >>> cell.bandpath('GXW', npoints=20) BandPath(path='GXW', cell=[3x3], special_points={GKLUWX}, kpts=[20x3])
-
cellpar
(radians=False)[source]¶ Get cell lengths and angles of this cell.
See also
ase.geometry.cell.cell_to_cellpar()
.
-
classmethod
fromcellpar
(cellpar, ab_normal=(0, 0, 1), a_direction=None)[source]¶ Return new Cell from cell lengths and angles.
See also
cellpar_to_cell()
.
-
get_bravais_lattice
(eps=0.0002, *, pbc=True)[source]¶ Return
BravaisLattice
for this cell:>>> cell = Cell.fromcellpar([4, 4, 4, 60, 60, 60]) >>> print(cell.get_bravais_lattice()) FCC(a=5.65685)
Note
The Bravais lattice object follows the AFlow conventions.
cell.get_bravais_lattice().tocell()
may differ from the original cell by a permutation or other operation which maps it to the AFlow convention. For example, the orthorhombic lattice enforces a < b < c.To build a bandpath for a particular cell, use
ase.cell.Cell.bandpath()
instead of this method. This maps the kpoints back to the original input cell.
-
minkowski_reduce
()[source]¶ Minkowski-reduce this cell, returning new cell and mapping.
See also
ase.geometry.minkowski_reduction.minkowski_reduce()
.
-
classmethod
new
(cell=None)[source]¶ Create new cell from any parameters.
If cell is three numbers, assume three lengths with right angles.
If cell is six numbers, assume three lengths, then three angles.
If cell is 3x3, assume three cell vectors.
-
niggli_reduce
(eps=1e-05)[source]¶ Niggli reduce this cell, returning a new cell and mapping.
See also
ase.build.tools.niggli_reduce_cell()
.
-
property
orthorhombic
¶ Return whether this cell is represented by a diagonal matrix.
-
property
rank
¶ “Return the dimension of the cell.
Equal to the number of nonzero lattice vectors.
-
scaled_positions
(positions)[source]¶ Calculate scaled positions from Cartesian positions.
The scaled positions are the positions given in the basis of the cell vectors. For the purpose of defining the basis, cell vectors that are zero will be replaced by unit vectors as per
complete()
.
-
standard_form
()[source]¶ Rotate axes such that unit cell is lower triangular. The cell handedness is preserved.
A lower-triangular cell with positive diagonal entries is a canonical (i.e. unique) description. For a left-handed cell the diagonal entries are negative.
Returns:
rcell: the standardized cell object
- Q: ndarray
The orthogonal transformation. Here, rcell @ Q = cell, where cell is the input cell and rcell is the lower triangular (output) cell.
-
property
volume
¶ Get the volume of this cell.
If there are less than 3 lattice vectors, return 0.