# Licensed under a 3-clause BSD style license - see LICENSE.rst
"""Functions for accessing, downloading, and caching data files."""
import atexit
import contextlib
import dbm
import errno
import fnmatch
import hashlib
import os
import io
import pathlib
import re
import shutil
import socket
import sys
import time
import urllib.request
import urllib.error
import urllib.parse
import shelve
import zipfile
from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile, gettempdir, TemporaryDirectory
from warnings import warn
import astropy.config.paths
from astropy import config as _config
from astropy.utils.exceptions import AstropyWarning
from astropy.utils.introspection import find_current_module, resolve_name
# Order here determines order in the autosummary
__all__ = [
'Conf', 'conf',
'download_file', 'download_files_in_parallel',
'get_readable_fileobj',
'get_pkg_data_fileobj', 'get_pkg_data_filename',
'get_pkg_data_contents', 'get_pkg_data_fileobjs',
'get_pkg_data_filenames',
'is_url_in_cache', 'get_cached_urls',
'cache_total_size', 'cache_contents',
'export_download_cache', 'import_download_cache', 'import_file_to_cache',
'check_download_cache',
'clear_download_cache',
'compute_hash',
'get_free_space_in_dir',
'check_free_space_in_dir',
'get_file_contents',
'CacheMissingWarning',
]
_dataurls_to_alias = {}
[docs]class Conf(_config.ConfigNamespace):
"""
Configuration parameters for `astropy.utils.data`.
"""
dataurl = _config.ConfigItem(
'http://data.astropy.org/',
'Primary URL for astropy remote data site.')
dataurl_mirror = _config.ConfigItem(
'http://www.astropy.org/astropy-data/',
'Mirror URL for astropy remote data site.')
default_http_user_agent = _config.ConfigItem(
'astropy',
'Default User-Agent for HTTP request headers. This can be overwritten'
'for a particular call via http_headers option, where available.'
'This only provides the default value when not set by https_headers.')
remote_timeout = _config.ConfigItem(
10.,
'Time to wait for remote data queries (in seconds).',
aliases=['astropy.coordinates.name_resolve.name_resolve_timeout'])
compute_hash_block_size = _config.ConfigItem(
2 ** 16, # 64K
'Block size for computing file hashes.')
download_block_size = _config.ConfigItem(
2 ** 16, # 64K
'Number of bytes of remote data to download per step.')
download_cache_lock_attempts = _config.ConfigItem(
5,
'Number of seconds to wait for the cache lock to be free. It should '
'normally only ever be held long enough to copy an already-downloaded '
'file into the cache, so this will normally only run over if '
'something goes wrong and the lock is left held by a dead process; '
'the exception raised should indicate this and what to do to fix it.')
delete_temporary_downloads_at_exit = _config.ConfigItem(
True,
'If True, temporary download files created when the cache is '
'inaccessible will be deleted at the end of the python session.')
conf = Conf()
[docs]class CacheMissingWarning(AstropyWarning):
"""
This warning indicates the standard cache directory is not accessible, with
the first argument providing the warning message. If args[1] is present, it
is a filename indicating the path to a temporary file that was created to
store a remote data download in the absence of the cache.
"""
def _is_url(string):
"""
Test whether a string is a valid URL
Parameters
----------
string : str
The string to test
"""
url = urllib.parse.urlparse(string)
# we can't just check that url.scheme is not an empty string, because
# file paths in windows would return a non-empty scheme (e.g. e:\\
# returns 'e').
return url.scheme.lower() in ['http', 'https', 'ftp', 'sftp', 'ssh', 'file']
def _is_inside(path, parent_path):
# We have to try realpath too to avoid issues with symlinks, but we leave
# abspath because some systems like debian have the absolute path (with no
# symlinks followed) match, but the real directories in different
# locations, so need to try both cases.
return os.path.abspath(path).startswith(os.path.abspath(parent_path)) \
or os.path.realpath(path).startswith(os.path.realpath(parent_path))
[docs]@contextlib.contextmanager
def get_readable_fileobj(name_or_obj, encoding=None, cache=False,
show_progress=True, remote_timeout=None,
sources=None, http_headers=None):
"""Yield a readable, seekable file-like object from a file or URL.
This supports passing filenames, URLs, and readable file-like objects,
any of which can be compressed in gzip, bzip2 or lzma (xz) if the
appropriate compression libraries are provided by the Python installation.
Notes
-----
This function is a context manager, and should be used for example
as::
with get_readable_fileobj('file.dat') as f:
contents = f.read()
If a URL is provided and the cache is in use, the provided URL will be the
name used in the cache. The contents may already be stored in the cache
under this URL provided, they may be downloaded from this URL, or they may
be downloaded from one of the locations listed in ``sources``. See
`~download_file` for details.
Parameters
----------
name_or_obj : str or file-like object
The filename of the file to access (if given as a string), or
the file-like object to access.
If a file-like object, it must be opened in binary mode.
encoding : str, optional
When `None` (default), returns a file-like object with a
``read`` method that returns `str` (``unicode``) objects, using
`locale.getpreferredencoding` as an encoding. This matches
the default behavior of the built-in `open` when no ``mode``
argument is provided.
When ``'binary'``, returns a file-like object where its ``read``
method returns `bytes` objects.
When another string, it is the name of an encoding, and the
file-like object's ``read`` method will return `str` (``unicode``)
objects, decoded from binary using the given encoding.
cache : bool or "update", optional
Whether to cache the contents of remote URLs. If "update",
check the remote URL for a new version but store the result
in the cache.
show_progress : bool, optional
Whether to display a progress bar if the file is downloaded
from a remote server. Default is `True`.
remote_timeout : float
Timeout for remote requests in seconds (default is the configurable
`astropy.utils.data.Conf.remote_timeout`, which is 3s by default)
sources : list of str, optional
If provided, a list of URLs to try to obtain the file from. The
result will be stored under the original URL. The original URL
will *not* be tried unless it is in this list; this is to prevent
long waits for a primary server that is known to be inaccessible
at the moment.
http_headers : dict or None
HTTP request headers to pass into ``urlopen`` if needed. (These headers
are ignored if the protocol for the ``name_or_obj``/``sources`` entry
is not a remote HTTP URL.) In the default case (None), the headers are
``User-Agent: some_value`` and ``Accept: */*``, where ``some_value``
is set by ``astropy.utils.data.conf.default_http_user_agent``.
Returns
-------
file : readable file-like object
"""
# close_fds is a list of file handles created by this function
# that need to be closed. We don't want to always just close the
# returned file handle, because it may simply be the file handle
# passed in. In that case it is not the responsibility of this
# function to close it: doing so could result in a "double close"
# and an "invalid file descriptor" exception.
PATH_TYPES = (str, pathlib.Path)
close_fds = []
delete_fds = []
if remote_timeout is None:
# use configfile default
remote_timeout = conf.remote_timeout
# Get a file object to the content
if isinstance(name_or_obj, PATH_TYPES):
# name_or_obj could be a Path object if pathlib is available
name_or_obj = str(name_or_obj)
is_url = _is_url(name_or_obj)
if is_url:
name_or_obj = download_file(
name_or_obj, cache=cache, show_progress=show_progress,
timeout=remote_timeout, sources=sources,
http_headers=http_headers)
fileobj = io.FileIO(name_or_obj, 'r')
if is_url and not cache:
delete_fds.append(fileobj)
close_fds.append(fileobj)
else:
fileobj = name_or_obj
# Check if the file object supports random access, and if not,
# then wrap it in a BytesIO buffer. It would be nicer to use a
# BufferedReader to avoid reading loading the whole file first,
# but that is not compatible with streams or urllib2.urlopen
# objects on Python 2.x.
if not hasattr(fileobj, 'seek'):
try:
# py.path.LocalPath objects have .read() method but it uses
# text mode, which won't work. .read_binary() does, and
# surely other ducks would return binary contents when
# called like this.
# py.path.LocalPath is what comes from the tmpdir fixture
# in pytest.
fileobj = io.BytesIO(fileobj.read_binary())
except AttributeError:
fileobj = io.BytesIO(fileobj.read())
# Now read enough bytes to look at signature
signature = fileobj.read(4)
fileobj.seek(0)
if signature[:3] == b'\x1f\x8b\x08': # gzip
import struct
try:
import gzip
fileobj_new = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=fileobj, mode='rb')
fileobj_new.read(1) # need to check that the file is really gzip
except (OSError, EOFError, struct.error): # invalid gzip file
fileobj.seek(0)
fileobj_new.close()
else:
fileobj_new.seek(0)
fileobj = fileobj_new
elif signature[:3] == b'BZh': # bzip2
try:
import bz2
except ImportError:
for fd in close_fds:
fd.close()
raise ValueError(
".bz2 format files are not supported since the Python "
"interpreter does not include the bz2 module")
try:
# bz2.BZ2File does not support file objects, only filenames, so we
# need to write the data to a temporary file
with NamedTemporaryFile("wb", delete=False) as tmp:
tmp.write(fileobj.read())
tmp.close()
fileobj_new = bz2.BZ2File(tmp.name, mode='rb')
fileobj_new.read(1) # need to check that the file is really bzip2
except OSError: # invalid bzip2 file
fileobj.seek(0)
fileobj_new.close()
# raise
else:
fileobj_new.seek(0)
close_fds.append(fileobj_new)
fileobj = fileobj_new
elif signature[:3] == b'\xfd7z': # xz
try:
import lzma
fileobj_new = lzma.LZMAFile(fileobj, mode='rb')
fileobj_new.read(1) # need to check that the file is really xz
except ImportError:
for fd in close_fds:
fd.close()
raise ValueError(
".xz format files are not supported since the Python "
"interpreter does not include the lzma module.")
except (OSError, EOFError): # invalid xz file
fileobj.seek(0)
fileobj_new.close()
# should we propagate this to the caller to signal bad content?
# raise ValueError(e)
else:
fileobj_new.seek(0)
fileobj = fileobj_new
# By this point, we have a file, io.FileIO, gzip.GzipFile, bz2.BZ2File
# or lzma.LZMAFile instance opened in binary mode (that is, read
# returns bytes). Now we need to, if requested, wrap it in a
# io.TextIOWrapper so read will return unicode based on the
# encoding parameter.
needs_textio_wrapper = encoding != 'binary'
if needs_textio_wrapper:
# A bz2.BZ2File can not be wrapped by a TextIOWrapper,
# so we decompress it to a temporary file and then
# return a handle to that.
try:
import bz2
except ImportError:
pass
else:
if isinstance(fileobj, bz2.BZ2File):
tmp = NamedTemporaryFile("wb", delete=False)
data = fileobj.read()
tmp.write(data)
tmp.close()
delete_fds.append(tmp)
fileobj = io.FileIO(tmp.name, 'r')
close_fds.append(fileobj)
fileobj = io.BufferedReader(fileobj)
fileobj = io.TextIOWrapper(fileobj, encoding=encoding)
# Ensure that file is at the start - io.FileIO will for
# example not always be at the start:
# >>> import io
# >>> f = open('test.fits', 'rb')
# >>> f.read(4)
# 'SIMP'
# >>> f.seek(0)
# >>> fileobj = io.FileIO(f.fileno())
# >>> fileobj.tell()
# 4096L
fileobj.seek(0)
try:
yield fileobj
finally:
for fd in close_fds:
fd.close()
for fd in delete_fds:
os.remove(fd.name)
[docs]def get_file_contents(*args, **kwargs):
"""
Retrieves the contents of a filename or file-like object.
See the `get_readable_fileobj` docstring for details on parameters.
Returns
-------
content
The content of the file (as requested by ``encoding``).
"""
with get_readable_fileobj(*args, **kwargs) as f:
return f.read()
[docs]@contextlib.contextmanager
def get_pkg_data_fileobj(data_name, package=None, encoding=None, cache=True):
"""
Retrieves a data file from the standard locations for the package and
provides the file as a file-like object that reads bytes.
Parameters
----------
data_name : str
Name/location of the desired data file. One of the following:
* The name of a data file included in the source
distribution. The path is relative to the module
calling this function. For example, if calling from
``astropy.pkname``, use ``'data/file.dat'`` to get the
file in ``astropy/pkgname/data/file.dat``. Double-dots
can be used to go up a level. In the same example, use
``'../data/file.dat'`` to get ``astropy/data/file.dat``.
* If a matching local file does not exist, the Astropy
data server will be queried for the file.
* A hash like that produced by `compute_hash` can be
requested, prefixed by 'hash/'
e.g. 'hash/34c33b3eb0d56eb9462003af249eff28'. The hash
will first be searched for locally, and if not found,
the Astropy data server will be queried.
package : str, optional
If specified, look for a file relative to the given package, rather
than the default of looking relative to the calling module's package.
encoding : str, optional
When `None` (default), returns a file-like object with a
``read`` method returns `str` (``unicode``) objects, using
`locale.getpreferredencoding` as an encoding. This matches
the default behavior of the built-in `open` when no ``mode``
argument is provided.
When ``'binary'``, returns a file-like object where its ``read``
method returns `bytes` objects.
When another string, it is the name of an encoding, and the
file-like object's ``read`` method will return `str` (``unicode``)
objects, decoded from binary using the given encoding.
cache : bool
If True, the file will be downloaded and saved locally or the
already-cached local copy will be accessed. If False, the
file-like object will directly access the resource (e.g. if a
remote URL is accessed, an object like that from
`urllib.request.urlopen` is returned).
Returns
-------
fileobj : file-like
An object with the contents of the data file available via
``read`` function. Can be used as part of a ``with`` statement,
automatically closing itself after the ``with`` block.
Raises
------
urllib.error.URLError
If a remote file cannot be found.
OSError
If problems occur writing or reading a local file.
Examples
--------
This will retrieve a data file and its contents for the `astropy.wcs`
tests::
>>> from astropy.utils.data import get_pkg_data_fileobj
>>> with get_pkg_data_fileobj('data/3d_cd.hdr',
... package='astropy.wcs.tests') as fobj:
... fcontents = fobj.read()
...
This next example would download a data file from the astropy data server
because the ``allsky/allsky_rosat.fits`` file is not present in the
source distribution. It will also save the file locally so the
next time it is accessed it won't need to be downloaded.::
>>> from astropy.utils.data import get_pkg_data_fileobj
>>> with get_pkg_data_fileobj('allsky/allsky_rosat.fits',
... encoding='binary') as fobj: # doctest: +REMOTE_DATA +IGNORE_OUTPUT
... fcontents = fobj.read()
...
Downloading http://data.astropy.org/allsky/allsky_rosat.fits [Done]
This does the same thing but does *not* cache it locally::
>>> with get_pkg_data_fileobj('allsky/allsky_rosat.fits',
... encoding='binary', cache=False) as fobj: # doctest: +REMOTE_DATA +IGNORE_OUTPUT
... fcontents = fobj.read()
...
Downloading http://data.astropy.org/allsky/allsky_rosat.fits [Done]
See Also
--------
get_pkg_data_contents : returns the contents of a file or url as a bytes object
get_pkg_data_filename : returns a local name for a file containing the data
"""
datafn = _find_pkg_data_path(data_name, package=package)
if os.path.isdir(datafn):
raise OSError("Tried to access a data file that's actually "
"a package data directory")
elif os.path.isfile(datafn): # local file
with get_readable_fileobj(datafn, encoding=encoding) as fileobj:
yield fileobj
else: # remote file
with get_readable_fileobj(
conf.dataurl + data_name,
encoding=encoding,
cache=cache,
sources=[conf.dataurl + data_name,
conf.dataurl_mirror + data_name],
) as fileobj:
# We read a byte to trigger any URLErrors
fileobj.read(1)
fileobj.seek(0)
yield fileobj
[docs]def get_pkg_data_filename(data_name, package=None, show_progress=True,
remote_timeout=None):
"""
Retrieves a data file from the standard locations for the package and
provides a local filename for the data.
This function is similar to `get_pkg_data_fileobj` but returns the
file *name* instead of a readable file-like object. This means
that this function must always cache remote files locally, unlike
`get_pkg_data_fileobj`.
Parameters
----------
data_name : str
Name/location of the desired data file. One of the following:
* The name of a data file included in the source
distribution. The path is relative to the module
calling this function. For example, if calling from
``astropy.pkname``, use ``'data/file.dat'`` to get the
file in ``astropy/pkgname/data/file.dat``. Double-dots
can be used to go up a level. In the same example, use
``'../data/file.dat'`` to get ``astropy/data/file.dat``.
* If a matching local file does not exist, the Astropy
data server will be queried for the file.
* A hash like that produced by `compute_hash` can be
requested, prefixed by 'hash/'
e.g. 'hash/34c33b3eb0d56eb9462003af249eff28'. The hash
will first be searched for locally, and if not found,
the Astropy data server will be queried.
package : str, optional
If specified, look for a file relative to the given package, rather
than the default of looking relative to the calling module's package.
show_progress : bool, optional
Whether to display a progress bar if the file is downloaded
from a remote server. Default is `True`.
remote_timeout : float
Timeout for the requests in seconds (default is the
configurable `astropy.utils.data.Conf.remote_timeout`, which
is 3s by default)
Raises
------
urllib.error.URLError
If a remote file cannot be found.
OSError
If problems occur writing or reading a local file.
Returns
-------
filename : str
A file path on the local file system corresponding to the data
requested in ``data_name``.
Examples
--------
This will retrieve the contents of the data file for the `astropy.wcs`
tests::
>>> from astropy.utils.data import get_pkg_data_filename
>>> fn = get_pkg_data_filename('data/3d_cd.hdr',
... package='astropy.wcs.tests')
>>> with open(fn) as f:
... fcontents = f.read()
...
This retrieves a data file by hash either locally or from the astropy data
server::
>>> from astropy.utils.data import get_pkg_data_filename
>>> fn = get_pkg_data_filename('hash/34c33b3eb0d56eb9462003af249eff28') # doctest: +SKIP
>>> with open(fn) as f:
... fcontents = f.read()
...
See Also
--------
get_pkg_data_contents : returns the contents of a file or url as a bytes object
get_pkg_data_fileobj : returns a file-like object with the data
"""
if remote_timeout is None:
# use configfile default
remote_timeout = conf.remote_timeout
if data_name.startswith('hash/'):
# first try looking for a local version if a hash is specified
hashfn = _find_hash_fn(data_name[5:])
if hashfn is None:
return download_file(conf.dataurl + data_name, cache=True,
show_progress=show_progress,
timeout=remote_timeout,
sources=[conf.dataurl + data_name,
conf.dataurl_mirror + data_name])
else:
return hashfn
else:
fs_path = os.path.normpath(data_name)
datafn = _find_pkg_data_path(fs_path, package=package)
if os.path.isdir(datafn):
raise OSError("Tried to access a data file that's actually "
"a package data directory")
elif os.path.isfile(datafn): # local file
return datafn
else: # remote file
return download_file(conf.dataurl + data_name, cache=True,
show_progress=show_progress,
timeout=remote_timeout,
sources=[conf.dataurl + data_name,
conf.dataurl_mirror + data_name])
[docs]def get_pkg_data_contents(data_name, package=None, encoding=None, cache=True):
"""
Retrieves a data file from the standard locations and returns its
contents as a bytes object.
Parameters
----------
data_name : str
Name/location of the desired data file. One of the following:
* The name of a data file included in the source
distribution. The path is relative to the module
calling this function. For example, if calling from
``astropy.pkname``, use ``'data/file.dat'`` to get the
file in ``astropy/pkgname/data/file.dat``. Double-dots
can be used to go up a level. In the same example, use
``'../data/file.dat'`` to get ``astropy/data/file.dat``.
* If a matching local file does not exist, the Astropy
data server will be queried for the file.
* A hash like that produced by `compute_hash` can be
requested, prefixed by 'hash/'
e.g. 'hash/34c33b3eb0d56eb9462003af249eff28'. The hash
will first be searched for locally, and if not found,
the Astropy data server will be queried.
* A URL to some other file.
package : str, optional
If specified, look for a file relative to the given package, rather
than the default of looking relative to the calling module's package.
encoding : str, optional
When `None` (default), returns a file-like object with a
``read`` method that returns `str` (``unicode``) objects, using
`locale.getpreferredencoding` as an encoding. This matches
the default behavior of the built-in `open` when no ``mode``
argument is provided.
When ``'binary'``, returns a file-like object where its ``read``
method returns `bytes` objects.
When another string, it is the name of an encoding, and the
file-like object's ``read`` method will return `str` (``unicode``)
objects, decoded from binary using the given encoding.
cache : bool
If True, the file will be downloaded and saved locally or the
already-cached local copy will be accessed. If False, the
file-like object will directly access the resource (e.g. if a
remote URL is accessed, an object like that from
`urllib.request.urlopen` is returned).
Returns
-------
contents : bytes
The complete contents of the file as a bytes object.
Raises
------
urllib.error.URLError
If a remote file cannot be found.
OSError
If problems occur writing or reading a local file.
See Also
--------
get_pkg_data_fileobj : returns a file-like object with the data
get_pkg_data_filename : returns a local name for a file containing the data
"""
with get_pkg_data_fileobj(data_name, package=package, encoding=encoding,
cache=cache) as fd:
contents = fd.read()
return contents
[docs]def get_pkg_data_filenames(datadir, package=None, pattern='*'):
"""
Returns the path of all of the data files in a given directory
that match a given glob pattern.
Parameters
----------
datadir : str
Name/location of the desired data files. One of the following:
* The name of a directory included in the source
distribution. The path is relative to the module
calling this function. For example, if calling from
``astropy.pkname``, use ``'data'`` to get the
files in ``astropy/pkgname/data``.
* Remote URLs are not currently supported.
package : str, optional
If specified, look for a file relative to the given package, rather
than the default of looking relative to the calling module's package.
pattern : str, optional
A UNIX-style filename glob pattern to match files. See the
`glob` module in the standard library for more information.
By default, matches all files.
Returns
-------
filenames : iterator of str
Paths on the local filesystem in *datadir* matching *pattern*.
Examples
--------
This will retrieve the contents of the data file for the `astropy.wcs`
tests::
>>> from astropy.utils.data import get_pkg_data_filenames
>>> for fn in get_pkg_data_filenames('data/maps', 'astropy.wcs.tests',
... '*.hdr'):
... with open(fn) as f:
... fcontents = f.read()
...
"""
path = _find_pkg_data_path(datadir, package=package)
if os.path.isfile(path):
raise OSError(
"Tried to access a data directory that's actually "
"a package data file")
elif os.path.isdir(path):
for filename in os.listdir(path):
if fnmatch.fnmatch(filename, pattern):
yield os.path.join(path, filename)
else:
raise OSError("Path not found")
[docs]def get_pkg_data_fileobjs(datadir, package=None, pattern='*', encoding=None):
"""
Returns readable file objects for all of the data files in a given
directory that match a given glob pattern.
Parameters
----------
datadir : str
Name/location of the desired data files. One of the following:
* The name of a directory included in the source
distribution. The path is relative to the module
calling this function. For example, if calling from
``astropy.pkname``, use ``'data'`` to get the
files in ``astropy/pkgname/data``
* Remote URLs are not currently supported
package : str, optional
If specified, look for a file relative to the given package, rather
than the default of looking relative to the calling module's package.
pattern : str, optional
A UNIX-style filename glob pattern to match files. See the
`glob` module in the standard library for more information.
By default, matches all files.
encoding : str, optional
When `None` (default), returns a file-like object with a
``read`` method that returns `str` (``unicode``) objects, using
`locale.getpreferredencoding` as an encoding. This matches
the default behavior of the built-in `open` when no ``mode``
argument is provided.
When ``'binary'``, returns a file-like object where its ``read``
method returns `bytes` objects.
When another string, it is the name of an encoding, and the
file-like object's ``read`` method will return `str` (``unicode``)
objects, decoded from binary using the given encoding.
Returns
-------
fileobjs : iterator of file objects
File objects for each of the files on the local filesystem in
*datadir* matching *pattern*.
Examples
--------
This will retrieve the contents of the data file for the `astropy.wcs`
tests::
>>> from astropy.utils.data import get_pkg_data_filenames
>>> for fd in get_pkg_data_fileobjs('data/maps', 'astropy.wcs.tests',
... '*.hdr'):
... fcontents = fd.read()
...
"""
for fn in get_pkg_data_filenames(datadir, package=package,
pattern=pattern):
with get_readable_fileobj(fn, encoding=encoding) as fd:
yield fd
[docs]def compute_hash(localfn):
""" Computes the MD5 hash for a file.
The hash for a data file is used for looking up data files in a unique
fashion. This is of particular use for tests; a test may require a
particular version of a particular file, in which case it can be accessed
via hash to get the appropriate version.
Typically, if you wish to write a test that requires a particular data
file, you will want to submit that file to the astropy data servers, and
use
e.g. ``get_pkg_data_filename('hash/34c33b3eb0d56eb9462003af249eff28')``,
but with the hash for your file in place of the hash in the example.
Parameters
----------
localfn : str
The path to the file for which the hash should be generated.
Returns
-------
hash : str
The hex digest of the cryptographic hash for the contents of the
``localfn`` file.
"""
with open(localfn, 'rb') as f:
h = hashlib.md5()
block = f.read(conf.compute_hash_block_size)
while block:
h.update(block)
block = f.read(conf.compute_hash_block_size)
return h.hexdigest()
def _find_pkg_data_path(data_name, package=None):
"""
Look for data in the source-included data directories and return the
path.
"""
if package is None:
module = find_current_module(1, finddiff=['astropy.utils.data', 'contextlib'])
if module is None:
# not called from inside an astropy package. So just pass name
# through
return data_name
if not hasattr(module, '__package__') or not module.__package__:
# The __package__ attribute may be missing or set to None; see
# PEP-366, also astropy issue #1256
if '.' in module.__name__:
package = module.__name__.rpartition('.')[0]
else:
package = module.__name__
else:
package = module.__package__
else:
module = resolve_name(package)
rootpkgname = package.partition('.')[0]
rootpkg = resolve_name(rootpkgname)
module_path = os.path.dirname(module.__file__)
path = os.path.join(module_path, data_name)
root_dir = os.path.dirname(rootpkg.__file__)
if not _is_inside(path, root_dir):
raise RuntimeError(f"attempted to get a local data file outside "
f"of the {rootpkgname} tree.")
return path
def _find_hash_fn(hexdigest, pkgname='astropy'):
"""
Looks for a local file by hash - returns file name if found and a valid
file, otherwise returns None.
"""
with _cache(pkgname) as (dldir, url2hash):
if dldir is None:
return None
hashfn = os.path.join(dldir, hexdigest)
if os.path.isfile(hashfn):
return hashfn
else:
return None
[docs]def get_free_space_in_dir(path):
"""
Given a path to a directory, returns the amount of free space (in
bytes) on that filesystem.
Parameters
----------
path : str
The path to a directory
Returns
-------
bytes : int
The amount of free space on the partition that the directory
is on.
"""
if not os.path.isdir(path):
raise OSError(
"Can only determine free space associated with directories, "
"not files.")
# Actually you can on Linux but I want to avoid code that fails
# on Windows only.
return shutil.disk_usage(path).free
[docs]def check_free_space_in_dir(path, size):
"""
Determines if a given directory has enough space to hold a file of
a given size. Raises an OSError if the file would be too large.
Parameters
----------
path : str
The path to a directory
size : int
A proposed filesize (in bytes)
Raises
-------
OSError : There is not enough room on the filesystem
"""
from astropy.utils.console import human_file_size
space = get_free_space_in_dir(path)
if space < size:
raise OSError(f"Not enough free space in {path} "
f"to download a {human_file_size(size)} file")
def _download_file_from_source(source_url, show_progress=True, timeout=None,
remote_url=None, cache=False, pkgname='astropy',
http_headers=None):
from astropy.utils.console import ProgressBarOrSpinner
if remote_url is None:
remote_url = source_url
if http_headers is None:
http_headers = {}
req = urllib.request.Request(source_url, headers=http_headers)
with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=timeout) as remote:
# keep a hash to rename the local file to the hashed name
hasher = hashlib.md5()
info = remote.info()
try:
size = int(info['Content-Length'])
except (KeyError, ValueError, TypeError):
size = None
if size is not None:
check_free_space_in_dir(gettempdir(), size)
if cache:
with _cache(pkgname) as (dldir, url2hash):
check_free_space_in_dir(dldir, size)
if show_progress and sys.stdout.isatty():
progress_stream = sys.stdout
else:
progress_stream = io.StringIO()
if source_url == remote_url:
dlmsg = f"Downloading {remote_url}"
else:
dlmsg = f"Downloading {remote_url} from {source_url}"
with ProgressBarOrSpinner(size, dlmsg, file=progress_stream) as p:
with NamedTemporaryFile(prefix=f"astropy-download-{os.getpid()}-",
delete=False) as f:
try:
bytes_read = 0
block = remote.read(conf.download_block_size)
while block:
f.write(block)
hasher.update(block)
bytes_read += len(block)
p.update(bytes_read)
block = remote.read(conf.download_block_size)
if size is not None and bytes_read > size:
raise urllib.error.URLError(
f"File was supposed to be {size} bytes but "
f"server provides more, at least {bytes_read} "
f"bytes. Download failed.")
if size is not None and bytes_read < size:
raise urllib.error.ContentTooShortError(
f"File was supposed to be {size} bytes but we "
f"only got {bytes_read} bytes. Download failed.",
content=None)
except BaseException:
if os.path.exists(f.name):
try:
os.remove(f.name)
except OSError:
pass
raise
return f.name, hasher.hexdigest()
[docs]def download_file(remote_url, cache=False, show_progress=True, timeout=None,
sources=None, pkgname='astropy', http_headers=None):
"""Downloads a URL and optionally caches the result.
It returns the filename of a file containing the URL's contents.
If ``cache=True`` and the file is present in the cache, just
returns the filename; if the file had to be downloaded, add it
to the cache.
The cache is effectively a dictionary mapping URLs to files; by default the
file contains the contents of the URL that is its key, but in practice
these can be obtained from a mirror (using ``sources``) or imported from
the local filesystem (using `~import_file_to_cache` or
`~import_download_cache`). Regardless, each file is regarded as
representing the contents of a particular URL, and this URL should be used
to look them up or otherwise manipulate them.
The files in the cache directory are named according to a cryptographic
hash of their contents (currently MD5, so hackers can cause collisions).
Thus files with the same content share storage. The modification times on
these files normally indicate when they were last downloaded from the
Internet.
Parameters
----------
remote_url : str
The URL of the file to download
cache : bool or "update", optional
Whether to cache the contents of remote URLs. If "update",
always download the remote URL in case there is a new version
and store the result in the cache.
show_progress : bool, optional
Whether to display a progress bar during the download (default
is `True`). Regardless of this setting, the progress bar is only
displayed when outputting to a terminal.
timeout : float, optional
The timeout, in seconds. Otherwise, use
`astropy.utils.data.Conf.remote_timeout`.
sources : list of str, optional
If provided, a list of URLs to try to obtain the file from. The
result will be stored under the original URL. The original URL
will *not* be tried unless it is in this list; this is to prevent
long waits for a primary server that is known to be inaccessible
at the moment. If an empty list is passed, then ``download_file``
will not attempt to connect to the Internet.
pkgname : `str`, optional
The package name to use to locate the download cache. i.e. for
``pkgname='astropy'`` the default cache location is
``~/.astropy/cache``.
http_headers : dict or None
HTTP request headers to pass into ``urlopen`` if needed. (These headers
are ignored if the protocol for the ``name_or_obj``/``sources`` entry
is not a remote HTTP URL.) In the default case (None), the headers are
``User-Agent: some_value`` and ``Accept: */*``, where ``some_value``
is set by ``astropy.utils.data.conf.default_http_user_agent``.
Returns
-------
local_path : str
Returns the local path that the file was download to.
Raises
------
urllib.error.URLError
Whenever there's a problem getting the remote file.
Notes
-----
Because this returns a filename, another process could run
clear_download_cache before you actually open the file, leaving
you with a filename that no longer points to a usable file.
"""
if timeout is None:
timeout = conf.remote_timeout
if sources is None:
sources = [remote_url]
if http_headers is None:
http_headers = {'User-Agent': conf.default_http_user_agent,
'Accept': '*/*'}
missing_cache = ""
url_key = remote_url
if cache:
with _cache(pkgname) as (dldir, url2hash):
if dldir is None:
cache = False
missing_cache = (
"Cache directory cannot be read or created, "
"providing data in temporary file instead."
)
elif cache != "update" and url_key in url2hash:
return url2hash[url_key]
errors = {}
for source_url in sources:
try:
f_name, hexdigest = _download_file_from_source(
source_url,
timeout=timeout,
show_progress=show_progress,
cache=cache,
remote_url=remote_url,
pkgname=pkgname,
http_headers=http_headers)
# Success!
break
except urllib.error.URLError as e:
# errno 8 is from SSL "EOF occurred in violation of protocol"
if (hasattr(e, 'reason')
and hasattr(e.reason, 'errno')
and e.reason.errno == 8):
e.reason.strerror = (e.reason.strerror +
'. requested URL: '
+ remote_url)
e.reason.args = (e.reason.errno, e.reason.strerror)
errors[source_url] = e
except socket.timeout as e:
# this isn't supposed to happen, but occasionally a socket.timeout
# gets through. It's supposed to be caught in urllib and raised
# in this way, but for some reason in mysterious circumstances it
# doesn't (or didn't in python2?). So we'll just re-raise it here
# instead.
errors[source_url] = e
else: # No success
if not sources:
raise KeyError(
f"No sources listed and file {remote_url} not in cache! "
f"Please include primary URL in sources if you want it to be "
f"included as a valid source.")
elif len(sources) == 1:
raise errors[sources[0]]
else:
raise urllib.error.URLError(
f"Unable to open any source! Exceptions were {errors}") \
from errors[sources[0]]
if cache:
try:
return import_file_to_cache(url_key, f_name,
hexdigest=hexdigest,
remove_original=True,
pkgname=pkgname)
except WrongDBMModule as e:
missing_cache = (
f"{e}; Unable to use cache, providing data in temporary file "
f"{f_name} instead.")
except PermissionError:
# Cache is readonly, we can't update it
missing_cache = (
f"Cache directory appears to be read-only, unable to import "
f"downloaded file, providing data in temporary file {f_name} "
f"instead.")
if missing_cache:
warn(CacheMissingWarning(missing_cache, f_name))
if conf.delete_temporary_downloads_at_exit:
global _tempfilestodel
_tempfilestodel.append(f_name)
return f_name
[docs]def is_url_in_cache(url_key, pkgname='astropy'):
"""Check if a download for ``url_key`` is in the cache.
The provided ``url_key`` will be the name used in the cache. The contents
may have been downloaded from this URL or from a mirror or they may have
been provided by the user. See `~download_file` for details.
Parameters
----------
url_key : str
The URL retrieved
pkgname : `str`, optional
The package name to use to locate the download cache. i.e. for
``pkgname='astropy'`` the default cache location is
``~/.astropy/cache``.
Returns
-------
in_cache : bool
`True` if a download for ``url_key`` is in the cache, `False` if not
or if the cache does not exist at all.
See Also
--------
cache_contents : obtain a dictionary listing everything in the cache
"""
with _cache(pkgname) as (dldir, url2hash):
return url_key in url2hash
[docs]def cache_total_size(pkgname='astropy'):
"""Return the total size in bytes of all files in the cache."""
with _cache(pkgname) as (dldir, url2hash):
return sum(os.path.getsize(os.path.join(dldir, h))
for h in url2hash.values())
def _do_download_files_in_parallel(kwargs):
with astropy.config.paths.set_temp_config(kwargs.pop("temp_config")):
with astropy.config.paths.set_temp_cache(kwargs.pop("temp_cache")):
return download_file(**kwargs)
[docs]def download_files_in_parallel(urls,
cache="update",
show_progress=True,
timeout=None,
sources=None,
multiprocessing_start_method=None,
pkgname='astropy'):
"""Download multiple files in parallel from the given URLs.
Blocks until all files have downloaded. The result is a list of
local file paths corresponding to the given urls.
The results will be stored in the cache under the values in ``urls`` even
if they are obtained from some other location via ``sources``. See
`~download_file` for details.
Parameters
----------
urls : list of str
The URLs to retrieve.
cache : bool or "update", optional
Whether to use the cache (default is `True`). If "update",
always download the remote URLs to see if new data is available
and store the result in cache.
.. versionchanged:: 4.0
The default was changed to ``"update"`` and setting it to
``False`` will print a Warning and set it to ``"update"`` again,
because the function will not work properly without cache. Using
``True`` will work as expected.
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
The default was changed to ``True`` and setting it to ``False``
will print a Warning and set it to ``True`` again, because the
function will not work properly without cache.
show_progress : bool, optional
Whether to display a progress bar during the download (default
is `True`)
timeout : float, optional
Timeout for each individual requests in seconds (default is the
configurable `astropy.utils.data.Conf.remote_timeout`).
sources : dict, optional
If provided, for each URL a list of URLs to try to obtain the
file from. The result will be stored under the original URL.
For any URL in this dictionary, the original URL will *not* be
tried unless it is in this list; this is to prevent long waits
for a primary server that is known to be inaccessible at the
moment.
multiprocessing_start_method : str, optional
Useful primarily for testing; if in doubt leave it as the default.
When using multiprocessing, certain anomalies occur when starting
processes with the "spawn" method (the only option on Windows);
other anomalies occur with the "fork" method (the default on
Linux).
pkgname : `str`, optional
The package name to use to locate the download cache. i.e. for
``pkgname='astropy'`` the default cache location is
``~/.astropy/cache``.
Returns
-------
paths : list of str
The local file paths corresponding to the downloaded URLs.
Notes
-----
If a URL is unreachable, the downloading will grind to a halt and the
exception will propagate upward, but an unpredictable number of
files will have been successfully downloaded and will remain in
the cache.
"""
from .console import ProgressBar
if timeout is None:
timeout = conf.remote_timeout
if sources is None:
sources = {}
if not cache:
# See issue #6662, on windows won't work because the files are removed
# again before they can be used. On *NIX systems it will behave as if
# cache was set to True because multiprocessing cannot insert the items
# in the list of to-be-removed files. This could be fixed, but really,
# just use the cache, with update_cache if appropriate.
warn('Disabling the cache does not work because of multiprocessing, '
'it will be set to ``"update"``. You may need to manually remove '
'the cached files with clear_download_cache() afterwards.',
AstropyWarning)
cache = "update"
if show_progress:
progress = sys.stdout
else:
progress = io.BytesIO()
# Combine duplicate URLs
combined_urls = list(set(urls))
combined_paths = ProgressBar.map(
_do_download_files_in_parallel,
[dict(remote_url=u,
cache=cache,
show_progress=False,
timeout=timeout,
sources=sources.get(u, None),
pkgname=pkgname,
temp_cache=astropy.config.paths.set_temp_cache._temp_path,
temp_config=astropy.config.paths.set_temp_config._temp_path)
for u in combined_urls],
file=progress,
multiprocess=True,
multiprocessing_start_method=multiprocessing_start_method,
)
paths = []
for url in urls:
paths.append(combined_paths[combined_urls.index(url)])
return paths
# This is used by download_file and _deltemps to determine the files to delete
# when the interpreter exits
_tempfilestodel = []
@atexit.register
def _deltemps():
global _tempfilestodel
if _tempfilestodel is not None:
while len(_tempfilestodel) > 0:
fn = _tempfilestodel.pop()
if os.path.isfile(fn):
try:
os.remove(fn)
except OSError:
# oh well we tried
# could be held open by some process, on Windows
pass
[docs]def clear_download_cache(hashorurl=None, pkgname='astropy'):
"""Clears the data file cache by deleting the local file(s).
If a URL is provided, it will be the name used in the cache. The contents
may have been downloaded from this URL or from a mirror or they may have
been provided by the user. See `~download_file` for details.
For the purposes of this function, a file can also be identified by a hash
of its contents or by the filename under which the data is stored (as
returned by `~download_file`, for example).
Parameters
----------
hashorurl : str or None
If None, the whole cache is cleared. Otherwise, specify
a hash for the cached file that is supposed to be deleted,
the full path to a file in the cache that should be deleted,
or a URL that should be removed from the cache if present.
pkgname : `str`, optional
The package name to use to locate the download cache. i.e. for
``pkgname='astropy'`` the default cache location is
``~/.astropy/cache``.
"""
zapped_cache = False
try:
with contextlib.ExitStack() as stack:
try:
dldir, url2hash = stack.enter_context(
_cache(pkgname, write=True))
except (RuntimeError, WrongDBMModule): # Couldn't get lock
if hashorurl is None:
# Release lock by blowing away cache
# Need to get locations
dldir, _ = _get_download_cache_locs(pkgname)
else:
# Can't do specific deletion without the lock
raise
except OSError as e:
# Problem arose when trying to open the cache
msg = 'Not clearing data cache - cache inaccessible due to '
estr = '' if len(e.args) < 1 else (': ' + str(e))
warn(CacheMissingWarning(msg + e.__class__.__name__ + estr))
return
if hashorurl is None:
if os.path.exists(dldir):
shutil.rmtree(dldir)
zapped_cache = True
elif _is_url(hashorurl):
try:
filepath = url2hash.pop(hashorurl)
if not any(v == filepath for v in url2hash.values()):
try:
os.unlink(filepath)
except FileNotFoundError:
# Maybe someone else got it first
pass
return
except KeyError:
pass
else: # it's a path
filepath = os.path.join(dldir, hashorurl)
if not _is_inside(filepath, dldir):
# Should this be ValueError? IOError?
raise RuntimeError(
f"attempted to use clear_download_cache on the path "
f"{filepath} outside the data cache directory {dldir}")
if os.path.exists(filepath):
# Convert to list because we'll be modifying it as we go
for k, v in list(url2hash.items()):
if v == filepath:
del url2hash[k]
os.unlink(filepath)
return
# Otherwise could not find file or url, but no worries.
# Clearing download cache just makes sure that the file or url
# is no longer in the cache regardless of starting condition.
except OSError as e:
if zapped_cache and e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
# We just deleted the directory and, on Windows (?) the "dumb"
# backend tried to write itself out to a nonexistent directory.
# It's fine for this to fail.
return
else:
msg = 'Not clearing data from cache - problem arose '
estr = '' if len(e.args) < 1 else (': ' + str(e))
warn(CacheMissingWarning(msg + e.__class__.__name__ + estr))
return
def _get_download_cache_locs(pkgname='astropy'):
"""Finds the path to the cache directory and makes them if they don't exist.
Parameters
----------
pkgname : `str`, optional
The package name to use to locate the download cache. i.e. for
``pkgname='astropy'`` the default cache location is
``~/.astropy/cache``.
Returns
-------
datadir : str
The path to the data cache directory.
shelveloc : str
The path to the shelve object that stores the cache info.
"""
from astropy.config.paths import get_cache_dir
# datadir includes both the download files and the shelveloc. This structure
# is required since we cannot know a priori the actual file name corresponding
# to the shelve map named shelveloc. (The backend can vary and is allowed to
# do whatever it wants with the filename. Filename munging can and does happen
# in practice).
py_version = 'py' + str(sys.version_info.major)
datadir = os.path.join(get_cache_dir(pkgname), 'download', py_version)
shelveloc = os.path.join(datadir, 'urlmap')
if not os.path.exists(datadir):
try:
os.makedirs(datadir)
except OSError:
if not os.path.exists(datadir):
raise
elif not os.path.isdir(datadir):
raise OSError(f'Data cache directory {datadir} is not a directory')
if os.path.isdir(shelveloc):
raise OSError(
f'Data cache shelve object location {shelveloc} is a directory')
return datadir, shelveloc
def _keep_trying(timeout):
waited = 0.
yield waited
while waited < timeout:
pid_based_random = (hash(str(os.getpid()))
/ 2.**sys.hash_info.width)
dt = 0.05*(1+pid_based_random)
time.sleep(dt)
waited += dt
yield waited
# the cache directory must be locked before any writes are performed. Same for
# the hash shelve, so this should be used for both.
#
# In fact the shelve, if you're using gdbm (the default on Linux), it can't
# be open for reading if someone has it open for writing. So we need to lock
# access to the shelve even for reading.
@contextlib.contextmanager
def _cache_lock(pkgname, need_write=False):
lockdir = os.path.join(_get_download_cache_locs(pkgname)[0], 'lock')
pidfn = os.path.join(lockdir, 'pid')
got_lock = False
try:
msg = f"Config file requests {conf.download_cache_lock_attempts} tries"
for waited in _keep_trying(conf.download_cache_lock_attempts):
try:
os.mkdir(lockdir)
except FileExistsError:
# It is not safe to open and inspect the pid file here
# on Windows, because while it is open that prevents its
# deletion and that of the directory containing it. This
# gets in the way of useful error messages.
msg = (
f"Cache is locked after {waited:.2f} s. This may indicate "
f"an astropy bug or that kill -9 was used. If you want to "
f"unlock the cache remove the directory {lockdir}.")
except OSError as e:
# PermissionError doesn't cover all read-only-ness, just EACCES
if e.errno in [errno.EPERM, # Operation not permitted
errno.EACCES, # Permission denied
errno.EROFS]: # File system is read-only
if need_write:
raise
else:
break
else:
raise
else:
got_lock = True
# write the pid of this process for informational purposes
with open(pidfn, 'w') as f:
f.write(str(os.getpid()))
break
else:
# Never did get the lock.
try:
# Might as well try to read and report the PID file, at
# this point it's unlikely we'll block someone else trying
# to exit cleanly.
pid = get_file_contents(pidfn)
except OSError:
pass
else:
msg += f" Lock claims to be held by process {pid}."
raise RuntimeError(msg)
yield
finally:
# clear_download_cache might have deleted the lockdir
if got_lock and os.path.exists(lockdir):
if os.path.isdir(lockdir):
# if the pid file is present, be sure to remove it
if os.path.exists(pidfn):
os.remove(pidfn)
os.rmdir(lockdir)
else:
raise RuntimeError(
f'Error releasing lock. {lockdir} exists but is not '
f'a directory.')
else:
# Just in case we were called from _clear_download_cache
# or something went wrong before creating the directory
# or the cache was readonly; no need to clean it up then.
pass
class ReadOnlyDict(dict):
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
raise TypeError("This object is read-only.")
_NOTHING = ReadOnlyDict() # might as well share.
class WrongDBMModule(dbm.error[0]):
pass
class WrongDBMModuleWarning(CacheMissingWarning):
"""
This warning indicates the standard cache directory is not accessible,
specifically because it exists but is in a format that the current python
interpreter cannot understand.
"""
@contextlib.contextmanager
def _cache(pkgname, write=False):
"""Download cache context manager.
Yields a pair consisting of the download cache directory and a dict-like
object that maps downloaded URLs to the filenames that contain their
contents; these files reside in the download cache directory.
If writing is requested, this holds the lock and yields a modifiable
dict-like object (actually a shelve object from the shelve module). If
there is something wrong with the cache setup, an appropriate exception
will be raised.
If reading is requested, the lock will be briefly acquired, the URL map
will be copied into a read-only dict-like object which is yielded, and the
lock will be released. If some problem occurs and the cache is inaccessible
or non-functional, a CacheMissingWarning will be emitted and this context
manager will yield an empty dict-like object and None as the download
directory.
Although this cache lives behind a lock, and files are not normally
modified, it is possible to break concurrent access - most easily by using
clear_download_cache on a URL while someone has the filename and wants to
read the file. Since download_file returns a filename, there is not much we
can do about this. get_readable_fileobj doesn't quite avoid the problem,
though it almost immediately opens the filename, preserving the contents
from deletion.
"""
try:
dldir, urlmapfn = _get_download_cache_locs(pkgname)
except OSError as e:
if write:
raise
else:
msg = 'Remote data cache could not be accessed due to '
estr = '' if len(e.args) < 1 else (': ' + str(e))
warn(CacheMissingWarning(msg + e.__class__.__name__ + estr))
yield None, _NOTHING
return
wrong_dbm_message = (
"Existing astropy cache is in an unsupported format, "
"either install the appropriate package or use "
"astropy.utils.data.clear_download_cache() to delete the "
"whole cache; ")
if write:
try:
with _cache_lock(pkgname, need_write=True), \
shelve.open(urlmapfn, flag="c") as url2hash:
yield dldir, url2hash
except dbm.error as e:
if "module is not available" in str(e):
raise WrongDBMModule(wrong_dbm_message + str(e))
else:
raise
else:
try:
with _cache_lock(pkgname), shelve.open(urlmapfn, flag="r") as url2hash:
# Copy so we can release the lock.
d = ReadOnlyDict(url2hash.items())
except dbm.error as e:
# Might be a "file not found" - that is, an un-initialized cache,
# might be something serious, no way to tell as shelve just gives
# you a plain dbm.error
# Also the file doesn't have a platform-independent name, so good
# luck diagnosing the problem if it is one.
if "module is not available" in str(e):
warn(WrongDBMModuleWarning(wrong_dbm_message + str(e)))
d = _NOTHING
yield dldir, d
class CacheDamaged(ValueError):
"""Record the URL or file that was a problem.
Using clear_download_cache on the .bad_file or .bad_url attribute,
whichever is not None, should resolve this particular problem.
"""
def __init__(self, *args, bad_urls=None, bad_files=None, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.bad_urls = bad_urls if bad_urls is not None else []
self.bad_files = bad_files if bad_files is not None else []
[docs]def check_download_cache(check_hashes=False, pkgname='astropy'):
"""Do a consistency check on the cache.
Because the cache is shared by all versions of astropy in all virtualenvs
run by your user, possibly concurrently, it could accumulate problems.
This could lead to hard-to-debug problems or wasted space. This function
detects a number of incorrect conditions, including nonexistent files that
are indexed, files that are indexed but in the wrong place, and, if you
request it, files whose content does not match the hash that is indexed.
This function also returns a list of non-indexed files. A few will be
associated with the shelve object; their exact names depend on the backend
used but will probably be based on ``urlmap``. The presence of other files
probably indicates that something has gone wrong and inaccessible files
have accumulated in the cache. These can be removed with
`clear_download_cache`, either passing the filename returned here, or
with no arguments to empty the entire cache and return it to a
reasonable, if empty, state.
Parameters
----------
check_hashes : bool, optional
Whether to compute the hashes of the contents of all files in the
cache and compare them to the names. This can take some time if
the cache contains large files.
pkgname : `str`, optional
The package name to use to locate the download cache. i.e. for
``pkgname='astropy'`` the default cache location is
``~/.astropy/cache``.
Returns
-------
strays : set of strings
This is the set of files in the cache directory that do not correspond
to known URLs. This may include some files associated with the cache
index.
Raises
------
CacheDamaged
To indicate a problem with the cache contents; the exception contains
a .bad_url or a .bad_file attribute to allow the user to use
`clear_download_cache` to remove the offending item.
OSError, RuntimeError
To indicate some problem with the cache structure. This may need a full
`clear_download_cache` to resolve, or may indicate some kind of
misconfiguration.
"""
with _cache(pkgname) as (dldir, url2hash):
if dldir is None:
raise OSError("Cache directory cannot be created or accessed")
nonexistent_targets = {}
bad_locations = {}
bad_hashes = {}
abandoned_files = set()
leftover_files = set(os.path.join(dldir, k)
for k in os.listdir(dldir))
leftover_files.discard(os.path.join(dldir, "urlmap"))
leftover_files.discard(os.path.join(dldir, "lock"))
for u, h in url2hash.items():
if not os.path.exists(h):
nonexistent_targets[u] = h
leftover_files.discard(h)
d, hexdigest = os.path.split(h)
if dldir != d:
bad_locations[u] = h
if check_hashes:
hexdigest_file = compute_hash(h)
if hexdigest_file != hexdigest:
bad_hashes[u] = h
for h in leftover_files:
h_base = os.path.basename(h)
if len(h_base) >= 32 and re.match(r"[0-9a-f]+", h_base):
abandoned_files.add(h)
leftover_files -= abandoned_files
msgs = []
if nonexistent_targets:
msgs.append(
f"URL(s) point(s) to nonexistent file(s): {nonexistent_targets}")
if bad_locations:
msgs.append(
f"URL(s) point(s) to file(s) outside {dldir}: {bad_locations}")
if bad_hashes:
msgs.append(
f"Filename(s) does not match hash(es) of contents: {bad_hashes}")
if abandoned_files:
msgs.append(
f"Apparently abandoned files: {abandoned_files}")
if msgs:
raise CacheDamaged(
"\n".join(msgs),
bad_urls=(list(nonexistent_targets.keys())
+ list(bad_locations.keys())),
bad_files=(list(bad_hashes.values())
+ list(abandoned_files)))
else:
return leftover_files
[docs]def import_file_to_cache(url_key, filename,
hexdigest=None,
remove_original=False,
pkgname='astropy'):
"""Import the on-disk file specified by filename to the cache.
The provided ``url_key`` will be the name used in the cache. The file
should contain the contents of this URL, at least notionally (the URL may
be temporarily or permanently unavailable). It is using ``url_key`` that
users will request these contents from the cache. See `~download_file` for
details.
If ``url_key`` already exists in the cache, it will be updated to point to
these imported contents, and its old contents will be deleted from the
cache if nothing else points there.
If a file already exists in the cache with the same contents (no matter the
``url_key``), its modification time will be updated but this file will not
be copied/moved over it.
Parameters
----------
url_key : str
The key to index the file under. This should probably be
the URL where the file was located, though if you obtained
it from a mirror you should use the URL of the primary
location.
filename : str
The file whose contents you want to import.
hexdigest : str, optional
The cryptographic hash of the file, as computed by
`compute_hash`. If it is not provided, `compute_hash`
will be called. This argument is available in case
it is easier to compute the hash progressively as
the file is downloaded.
remove_original : bool
Whether to remove the original file (``filename``) once import is
complete. If the original is to be removed, and if the cache lives
on the same filesystem as the file to be imported, a simple rename
operation will move the file into the cache. Otherwise the file
will be copied and then the original deleted if appropriate.
pkgname : `str`, optional
The package name to use to locate the download cache. i.e. for
``pkgname='astropy'`` the default cache location is
``~/.astropy/cache``.
"""
if hexdigest is None:
hexdigest = compute_hash(filename, pkgname=pkgname)
with _cache(pkgname, write=True) as (dldir, url2hash):
# We check now to see if another process has
# inadvertently written the file underneath us
# already
local_path = os.path.join(dldir, hexdigest)
if os.path.exists(local_path):
# Same hash, no problem
if remove_original:
os.remove(filename)
# Update file modification time.
try:
with open(local_path, "ab"):
pass
except OSError:
pass
elif remove_original:
shutil.move(filename, local_path)
else:
shutil.copy(filename, local_path)
old_hash = url2hash.get(url_key, None)
url2hash[url_key] = local_path
if old_hash is not None:
if old_hash not in url2hash.values():
try:
os.remove(os.path.join(dldir, old_hash))
except OSError as e:
warn(f"Unable to remove no-longer-referenced previous "
f"contents of {url_key} because of: {e}",
AstropyWarning)
return url2hash[url_key]
[docs]def get_cached_urls(pkgname='astropy'):
"""
Get the list of URLs in the cache. Especially useful for looking up what
files are stored in your cache when you don't have internet access.
The listed URLs are the keys programs should use to access the file
contents, but those contents may have actually been obtained from a mirror.
See `~download_file` for details.
Parameters
----------
pkgname : `str`, optional
The package name to use to locate the download cache. i.e. for
``pkgname='astropy'`` the default cache location is
``~/.astropy/cache``.
Returns
-------
cached_urls : list
List of cached URLs.
See Also
--------
cache_contents : obtain a dictionary listing everything in the cache
"""
with _cache(pkgname) as (dldir, url2hash):
return list(url2hash.keys())
[docs]def cache_contents(pkgname='astropy'):
"""Obtain a dict mapping cached URLs to filenames.
This dictionary is a read-only snapshot of the state of the cache when this
function was called. If other processes are actively working with the
cache, it is possible for them to delete files that are listed in this
dictionary. Use with some caution if you are working on a system that is
busy with many running astropy processes, although the same issues apply to
most functions in this module.
"""
with _cache(pkgname) as (dldir, url2hash):
return ReadOnlyDict((k, os.path.join(dldir, v))
for (k, v) in url2hash.items())
[docs]def export_download_cache(filename_or_obj, urls=None, overwrite=False, pkgname='astropy'):
"""Exports the cache contents as a ZIP file.
Parameters
----------
filename_or_obj : str or file-like
Where to put the created ZIP file. Must be something the zipfile
module can write to.
urls : iterable of str or None
The URLs to include in the exported cache. The default is all
URLs currently in the cache. If a URL is included in this list
but is not currently in the cache, a KeyError will be raised.
To ensure that all are in the cache use `~download_file`
or `~download_files_in_parallel`.
overwrite : bool, optional
If filename_or_obj is a filename that exists, it will only be
overwritten if this is True.
pkgname : `str`, optional
The package name to use to locate the download cache. i.e. for
``pkgname='astropy'`` the default cache location is
``~/.astropy/cache``.
See Also
--------
import_download_cache : import the contents of such a ZIP file
import_file_to_cache : import a single file directly
"""
if urls is None:
urls = get_cached_urls(pkgname)
with zipfile.ZipFile(filename_or_obj, 'w' if overwrite else 'x') as z:
for u in urls:
fn = download_file(u, cache=True, sources=[], pkgname=pkgname)
# Do not use os.path.join because ZIP files want
# "/" on all platforms
z_fn = urllib.parse.quote(u, safe="")
z.write(fn, z_fn)
[docs]def import_download_cache(filename_or_obj, urls=None, update_cache=False, pkgname='astropy'):
"""Imports the contents of a ZIP file into the cache.
Each member of the ZIP file should be named by a quoted version of the
URL whose contents it stores. These names are decoded with
:func:`~urllib.parse.unquote`.
Parameters
----------
filename_or_obj : str or file-like
Where the stored ZIP file is. Must be something the :mod:`~zipfile`
module can read from.
urls : set of str or list of str or None
The URLs to import from the ZIP file. The default is all
URLs in the file.
update_cache : bool, optional
If True, any entry in the ZIP file will overwrite the value in the
cache; if False, leave untouched any entry already in the cache.
pkgname : `str`, optional
The package name to use to locate the download cache. i.e. for
``pkgname='astropy'`` the default cache location is
``~/.astropy/cache``.
See Also
--------
export_download_cache : export the contents the cache to of such a ZIP file
import_file_to_cache : import a single file directly
"""
with zipfile.ZipFile(filename_or_obj, 'r') as z, TemporaryDirectory() as d:
for i, zf in enumerate(z.infolist()):
url = urllib.parse.unquote(zf.filename)
# FIXME(aarchiba): do we want some kind of validation on this URL?
# urllib.parse might do something sensible...but what URLs might
# they have?
# is_url in this file is probably a good check, not just here
# but throughout this file.
if urls is not None and url not in urls:
continue
if not update_cache and is_url_in_cache(url, pkgname=pkgname):
continue
f_temp_name = os.path.join(d, str(i))
with z.open(zf) as f_zip, open(f_temp_name, "wb") as f_temp:
hasher = hashlib.md5()
block = f_zip.read(conf.download_block_size)
while block:
f_temp.write(block)
hasher.update(block)
block = f_zip.read(conf.download_block_size)
hexdigest = hasher.hexdigest()
import_file_to_cache(url, f_temp_name,
hexdigest=hexdigest,
remove_original=True,
pkgname=pkgname)