MINUTE HOUR DOM MONTH DOW
MINUTE | Minutes within the hour (0–59) |
HOUR | The hour of the day (0–23) |
DOM | The day of the month (1–31) |
MONTH | The month (1–12) |
DOW | The day of the week (0–7) where 0 and 7 are Sunday. |
To specify multiple values for one field, the following operators are available. In the order of precedence,
*
specifies all valid valuesM-N
specifies a range of valuesM-N/X
or */X
steps by intervals of X through the specified range or whole valid rangeA,B,...,Z
enumerates multiple values
To allow periodically scheduled tasks to produce even load on the system,
the symbol H
(for “hash”) should be used wherever possible.
For example, using 0 0 * * *
for a dozen daily jobs
will cause a large spike at midnight.
In contrast, using H H * * *
would still execute each job once a day,
but not all at the same time, better using limited resources.
The H
symbol can be used with a range. For example, H H(0-7) * * *
means some time between 12:00 AM (midnight) to 7:59 AM.
You can also use step intervals with H
, with or without ranges.
The H
symbol can be thought of as a random value over a range,
but it actually is a hash of the job name, not a random function, so that
the value remains stable for any given project.
Beware that for the day of month field, short cycles such as */3
or H/3
will not work consistently near the end of most months, due to variable month lengths.
For example, */3
will run on the 1st, 4th, …31st days of a long month, then again the next day of the next month.
Hashes are always chosen in the 1-28 range, so H/3
will produce a gap between runs of between 3 and 6 days at the end of a month.
(Longer cycles will also have inconsistent lengths but the effect may be relatively less noticeable.)
Empty lines and lines that start with #
will be ignored as comments.
In addition, @yearly
, @annually
, @monthly
,
@weekly
, @daily
, @midnight
,
and @hourly
are supported as convenient aliases.
These use the hash system for automatic balancing.
For example, @hourly
is the same as H * * * *
and could mean at any time during the hour.
@midnight
actually means some time between 12:00 AM and 2:59 AM.
Examples:
# every fifteen minutes (perhaps at :07, :22, :37, :52) H/15 * * * * # every ten minutes in the first half of every hour (three times, perhaps at :04, :14, :24) H(0-29)/10 * * * * # once every two hours every weekday (perhaps at 10:38 AM, 12:38 PM, 2:38 PM, 4:38 PM) H 9-16/2 * * 1-5 # once a day on the 1st and 15th of every month except December H H 1,15 1-11 *