Danger
This is a “Hazardous Materials” module. You should ONLY use it if you’re 100% absolutely sure that you know what you’re doing because this module is full of land mines, dragons, and dinosaurs with laser guns.
Diffie-Hellman key exchange¶
Diffie-Hellman key exchange (D–H) is a method that allows two parties to jointly agree on a shared secret using an insecure channel.
Exchange Algorithm¶
For most applications the shared_key
should be passed to a key
derivation function.
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import dh
>>> parameters = dh.generate_parameters(generator=2, key_size=2048,
... backend=default_backend())
>>> private_key = parameters.generate_private_key()
>>> peer_public_key = parameters.generate_private_key().public_key()
>>> shared_key = private_key.exchange(peer_public_key)
DHE (or EDH), the ephemeral form of this exchange, is strongly
preferred over simple DH and provides forward secrecy when used.
You must generate a new private key using generate_private_key()
for
each exchange()
when performing an DHE key
exchange.
To assemble a DHParameters
and a DHPublicKey
from
primitive integers, you must first create the
DHParameterNumbers
and DHPublicNumbers
objects. For
example if p, g, and y are int
objects received from a
peer:
pn = dh.DHParameterNumbers(p, g)
parameters = pn.parameters(default_backend())
peer_public_numbers = dh.DHPublicNumbers(y, pn)
peer_public_key = peer_public_numbers.public_key(default_backend())
See also the DHBackend
API for additional functionality.
Group parameters¶
-
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.
generate_parameters
(generator, key_size, backend)¶ New in version 0.9.
Generate a new DH parameter group for use with
backend
.Parameters: - generator – The
int
to use as a generator. Must be 2 or 5. - key_size – The bit length of the prime modulus to generate.
- backend – A
DHBackend
instance.
Returns: DH parameters as a new instance of
DHParameters
.Raises: ValueError – If
key_size
is not at least 512.- generator – The
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.
DHParameters
¶ New in version 0.9.
-
generate_private_key
()¶ New in version 0.9.
Generate a DH private key. This method can be used to generate many new private keys from a single set of parameters.
Returns: An instance of DHPrivateKey
.
-
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.
DHParametersWithSerialization
¶ New in version 0.9.
Inherits from
DHParameters
.-
parameter_numbers
()¶ Return the numbers that make up this set of parameters.
Returns: A DHParameterNumbers
.
-
Key interfaces¶
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.
DHPrivateKey
¶ New in version 0.9.
-
key_size
¶ The bit length of the prime modulus.
-
public_key
()¶ Return the public key associated with this private key.
Returns: A DHPublicKey
.
-
parameters
()¶ Return the parameters associated with this private key.
Returns: A DHParameters
.
-
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.
DHPrivateKeyWithSerialization
¶ New in version 0.9.
Inherits from
DHPrivateKey
.-
private_numbers
()¶ Return the numbers that make up this private key.
Returns: A DHPrivateNumbers
.
-
exchange
(peer_public_key)¶ New in version 1.7.
Parameters: peer_public_key (DHPublicKeyWithSerialization) – The public key for the peer. Return bytes: The agreed key. The bytes are ordered in ‘big’ endian.
-
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.
DHPublicKey
¶ New in version 0.9.
-
key_size
¶ The bit length of the prime modulus.
-
parameters
()¶ Return the parameters associated with this private key.
Returns: A DHParameters
.
-
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.
DHPublicKeyWithSerialization
¶ New in version 0.9.
Inherits from
DHPublicKey
.-
public_numbers
()¶ Return the numbers that make up this public key.
Returns: A DHPublicNumbers
.
-
Numbers¶
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.
DHParameterNumbers
(p, g)¶ New in version 0.8.
The collection of integers that define a Diffie-Hellman group.
-
p
¶ Type: int The prime modulus value.
-
g
¶ Type: int The generator value. Must be 2 or 5.
-
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.
DHPrivateNumbers
(x, public_numbers)¶ New in version 0.8.
The collection of integers that make up a Diffie-Hellman private key.
-
public_numbers
¶ Type: DHPublicNumbers
The
DHPublicNumbers
which makes up the DH public key associated with this DH private key.
-
x
¶ Type: int The private value.
-
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.
DHPublicNumbers
(y, parameter_numbers)¶ New in version 0.8.
The collection of integers that make up a Diffie-Hellman public key.
-
parameter_numbers
¶ Type: DHParameterNumbers
The parameters for this DH group.
-
y
¶ Type: int The public value.
-