The 101 most important things when using Debian GNU/Linux
Copyright © 2004, 2005, 2008 W. Martin Borgert
Copyright © 2016 Holger Wansing
This document may be used under the terms of the GNU General
Public License version 3 or higher. The license text can be found at http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
and
/usr/share/common-licenses/GPL-3.
Abstract
The idea of this reference card is to provide new users of Debian GNU/Linux with the most important commands. Basic (or better) knowledge of computers, files, directories and the command line is required. Some acronyms related to Debian GNU/Linux can be found here.
The source code of this card is available via the Debian Subversion server in DocBook/XML format. You may access the repository via the web interface. Or check out the latest version using the commands:
svn checkout svn://svn.debian.org/svn/ddp/manuals/trunk/refcard
The actual reference card in English, for printing in international paper format is here. For other languages and US letter size, see below.
| Language | Title | Last Translator | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic (ar) | A4 | المرجع السريع لدبيان جنو لينكس - أهم 101 أمر تحتاجها عند استخدام دبيان جنو/لينكس | Ossama Khayat <okhayat@yahoo.com> | 180 ok, 8 fuzzy, 4 todo. |
| Bulgarian (bg) | A4 | Debian GNU/Linux Справочник - Най-полезните 101 съвета за работа с Debian GNU/Linux | Kamen Naydenov <pau4o@kamennn.eu> | 192 ok. |
| Catalan (ca) | A4 | Targeta de referència per al Debian GNU/Linux - Les 101 coses més importants per l'ús del Debian GNU/Linux | Innocent De Marchi <tangram.peces@gmail.com> | 192 ok. |
| Czech (cs) | A4 | Debian GNU/Linux referenční karta - 101 nejdůležitějších věcí při používání Debian GNU/Linuxu | Miroslav Kure <kurem@upcase.inf.upol.cz> | 192 ok. |
| Danish (da) | A4 | Debian GNU/Linux-referencekort - De 101 vigtigste ting når man bruger Debian GNU/Linux | Joe Hansen <joedalton2@yahoo.dk> | 192 ok. |
| German (de) | A4 | Debian GNU/Linux Referenzkarte - Die 101 wichtigsten Dinge bei der Nutzung von Debian GNU/Linux | Holger Wansing <linux@wansing-online.de> | 192 ok. |
| Greek (el) | A4 | Κάρτα Αναφοράς για το Debian GNU/Linux - Tα 101 πιο σημαντικά πράγματα όταν χρησιμοποιείτε το Debian GNU/Linux | Iliana Panagopoulou <hpanago@gmail.com> | 192 ok. |
| English (en) | A4 Lt | Debian GNU/Linux Reference Card - The 101 most important things when using Debian GNU/Linux | n/a | n/a |
| Spanish (es) | A4 Lt | Tarjeta de referencia para Debian GNU/Linux - Las 101 cosas más importantes para el uso de GNU/Linux | Octavio Alvarez <alvarezp@gmail.com> | 192 ok. |
| Basque (eu) | A4 | Debian GNU/Linux erreferentzi txartela - Debian GNU/Linux erabiltzeko 101 gomendio garrantzitsuenak | dooteo <dooteo@zundan.com> | 192 ok. |
| Finnish (fi) | A4 | Debian GNU/Linux pikaohje - 101 tärkeintä muistettavaa Debian GNU/Linuxin käyttäjälle | Juhani Numminen <juhaninumminen0@gmail.com> | 192 ok. |
| French (fr) | A4 Lt | Carte de Référence Debian GNU/Linux - Les 101 informations les plus importantes pour utiliser Debian GNU/Linux | Baptiste Jammet <baptiste@mailoo.org> | 192 ok. |
| Galician (gl) | A4 | Tarxeta de referencia para Debian GNU/Linux - As 101 cousas máis útiles ao traballar con Debian GNU/Linux | R. Ávila Coya <ravila@edu.xunta.es> | 181 ok, 6 fuzzy, 5 todo. |
| Hebrew (he) | A4 | Debian כרטיס עזר לשימוש ב-GNU/Linux - 101 הדברים הכי חשובים כשמשתמשים ב Debian GNU/Linux | Omer Zak <w1@zak.co.il> | 192 ok. |
| Hindi (hi) | A4 | डेबियन ग्नू/लिनक्स संदर्भ कार्ड - डेबियन ग्नू/लिनक्स प्रयोग करने की 101 सबसे जरूरी बातें | Rajiv Ranjan <rajivhey@gmail.com> | 192 ok. |
| Hungarian (hu) | A4 | Debian GNU/Linux Referencia Kártya - A 101 legfontosabb dolog a Debian használata közben GNU/Linux | Miklos Quartus <lista@miklos.info> | 192 ok. |
| Bahasa Indonesia (id) | A4 | Kartu Referensi Debian GNU/Linux - 101 hal terpenting saat menggunakan Debian GNU/Linux | Kemas Antonius <kyantonius@gmail.com> | 192 ok. |
| Italian (it) | A4 | Scheda di riferimento per Debian GNU/Linux - Le 101 cose più importanti da sapere per usare Debian GNU/Linux | Beatrice Torracca <beatricet@libero.it> | 192 ok. |
| Japanese (ja) | A4 | Debian GNU/Linux リファレンスカード - Debian GNU/Linux を使うための 101 の重要事項 | victory <victory.deb@gmail.com> | 192 ok. |
| Lithuanian (lt) | A4 | Debian GNU/Linux atmintinė - 101 svarbiausių dalykų naudojant Debian GNU/Linux | Kęstutis Biliūnas <kebil@kaunas.init.lt> | 119 ok, 29 fuzzy, 44 todo. |
| Malayalam (ml) | A4 | ഡെബിയാന് ഗ്നു/ലിനക്സ് ലഘു സഹായി - ഡെബിയാന് ഗ്നു ലിനക്സ് ഉപയോഗിക്കുമ്പോള് ശ്രദ്ധിക്കേണ്ട 101 സുപ്രധാന കാര്യങ്ങള് | പ്രവീണ് <pravin.vet@gmail.com> | 30 ok, 1 fuzzy, 161 todo. |
| Malay (ms) | A4 | Kad Rujukan Debian GNU/Linux - 101 perkara paling penting waktu menggunakan Debian GNU/Linux | Umarzuki bin Mochlis Moktar <umar@umarzuki.org> | 119 ok, 29 fuzzy, 44 todo. |
| Norwegian Bokmål (nb) | A4 | Debian GNU/Linux referansekort - De 101 viktigste tingene når man bruker Debian GNU/Linux | Hans F. Nordhaug <hans@nordhaug.priv.no> | 192 ok. |
| Dutch (nl) | A4 | Debian GNU/Linux Naslagkaart - De 101 belangrijkste dingen voor de GNU/Linux Debiangebruiker. | Frans Spiesschaert <Frans.Spiesschaert@yucom.be> | 192 ok. |
| Polish (pl) | A4 | Debian GNU/Linux Karta Referencyjna - 101 najważniejszych rzeczy potrzebnych przy używaniu systemu Debian GNU/Linux | Miroslaw Gabrus <mirekgab@wp.pl> | 192 ok. |
| Portugese, as spoken in Brazil (pt_BR) | A4 | Cartão de Referência Debian GNU/Linux - As 101 coisas mais importantes ao usar o Debian GNU/Linux | Adriano Rafael Gomes <adrianorg@arg.eti.br> | 192 ok. |
| Portugese, as spoken in Portugal (pt) | A4 | Cartão de Referência Debian GNU/Linux - As 101 coisas mais importantes ao utilizar Debian GNU/Linux | Miguel Figueiredo <elmig@debianpt.org> | 192 ok. |
| Romanian (ro) | A4 | Debian Cartea de referință GNU/Linux - 101 din cele mai importante lucruri când folosim Debian GNU/Linux | Ionel Mugurel Ciobîcă <I.M.Ciobica@gmail.com> | 180 ok, 7 fuzzy, 5 todo. |
| Russian (ru) | A4 | Памятка по Debian GNU/Linux - 101 полезный совет при работе с Debian GNU/Linux | Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru> | 192 ok. |
| Serbian (sr) | A4 | Debian GNU/Linux референтна карта - 101 најважнија ствар када користите Debian GNU/Linux | Dragan Filipovic <filipovic@tutanota.com> | 192 ok. |
| Slovak (sk) | A4 | Referenčná karta Debian GNU/Linux - 101 najdôležitejších vecí pri používaní Debian GNU/Linuxu | ctenar <x> | 192 ok. |
| Swedish (sv) | A4 | Referenskort för Debian GNU/Linux - De 101 viktigaste sakerna för att använda Debian GNU/Linux | Andreas Rönnquist <gusnan@openmailbox.org> | 192 ok. |
| Turkish (tr) | A4 | Debian GNU/Linux Başvuru Kartı - 101 Debian GNU/Linux Püf Noktası | Selçuk Mıynat <selcukmiynat@gmail.com> | 184 ok, 4 fuzzy, 4 todo. |
| Ukrainian (uk) | A4 | Пам'ятка Debian GNU/Linux - 101 найбільш важлива річ при використанні Debian GNU/Linux | Asal Mirzaieva <asalle.kim@gmail.com> | 192 ok. |
| Vietnamese (vi) | A4 | Bảng tham khảo Debian GNU/Linux - 101 thứ quan trọng nhất khi sử dụng Debian GNU/Linux | Trần Ngọc Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com> | 192 ok. |
| Chinese, as spoken in China (zh_CN) | A4 | Debian GNU/Linux 参考卡片 - 101 个 Debian GNU/Linux 使用要诀 | yanliang tang <fedoracdu@gmail.com> | 191 ok, 1 fuzzy. |
| Traditional Chinese (zh_TW) | A4 | Debian GNU/Linux 參考卡片 - 使用 Debian GNU/Linux 時最基本又重要的知識 | Shen-Ta Hsieh <ibmibmibm.tw@gmail.com> | 192 ok. |
Warning
The reference card has been designed for printers that are able to print whole pages, without large margins! On my own private printer (HP Inkjet) or other so-called consumer printers you cannot print the card!
First, the paper side with the title and the legal notice (copyleft) are on the back. Fold the right third of the paper to the small mark at the upper margin between the left and middle third. Now fold the left third over the right one. The title page should be in the front, the legal notice on the back. If not, try again.
Of course, you may alter the reference card to your needs and
create a customised refcard. You need to install the build
dependencies with apt-get build-dep refcard;
these are mostly:
docbook-xsl,
pdfjam,
pdftk,
po4a,
xmlroff,
dblatex,
poppler-utils, and
xsltproc.
If you like to translate the reference card into your language, please contact me first, so that duplicated work is prevented.
If you are going to translate the refcard, make sure to
use the file
po4a/entries.potas template;check out the latest version from the subversion repository;
do not forget to translate the legal notice;
use
UTF-8as encoding;
Use whatever editor you like, but it must work with UTF-8.
A nice editor for translations is poedit.
If you happen to use Emacs (emacs24),
try gettext-el.
Warning
Because other languages might be more verbose than English (and German is more verbose), the translation might not fit on one sheet! Translators need to re-phrase things! The translation does not need to be 100% exact, it's more important, that everything fits on the card!
The reference card has been designed for international paper format (ISO A4) - the US letter format has less space. This applies to English, French, and Spanish.
| English and Vietnamese explanations |
| A dictionary by the Debian women, useful for everyone, in many languages |
| Debian Women Dictionary, useful for everyone |
Michael Wiedmann helped a lot with the db2latex-xsl toolchain.
The following people helped by correcting my so-called English, by adding important commands, by advertising the card, by giving valuable hints, or just by motivating me: Adrian Dagurashibanipal von Bidder, Andreas Tille, Chris Walker, Eduard Bloch, Holger Blaschka, Oliver Kurth, Philip Miller, Rahmat M. Samik-Ibrahim, Ralph Aichinger, Ralph Katz, Rob Bradford, Frank Küster, Wouter Verhelst, Justin B Rye for corrections and useful ideas.
| Revision History | |
|---|---|
| Revision 9.0 - Debian 9 'Stretch' -- | 2016-07-09 |
| Change versioning scheme; updated content matching Stretch; drop Apache/Samba/m-a/make-kpkg content; translation updates, added Serbian translation. | |
| Revision 5.0.9 | 2013-10-10 |
| New and updated translations. | |
| Revision 5.0.8 | 2012-07-10 |
| New and updated translations. | |
| Revision 5.0.7 | 2010-12-13 |
| New and updated translations. | |
| Revision 5.0.6 | 2010-12-09 |
| New and updated translations. | |
| Revision 5.0.5 | 2010-04-30 |
| New and updated translations. | |
| Revision 5.0.4 | 2008-11-05 |
| New and updated translations. | |
| Revision 5.0.3 | 2008-10-05 |
| New and updated translations. | |
| Revision 5.0.2 | 2008-09-18 |
| New and updated translations. | |
| Revision 5.0.1 | 2008-08-01 |
| Use dblatex as alternative renderer. | |
| Revision 5.0-0.1 | 2008-07-13 |
| Removed some obsolete entries, added one for the wiki. | |
| Revision 3.2-0.1 | 2008-01-25 |
| Changed the layout engine from db2latex-xsl to xmlroff for the sake of RTL languages. Changed the translation mechanism to po4a to make translators live easier. Packaging. License changed to GPL 3. | |
| Revision 3.1-0.2 | 2005-09-03 |
| Enabled more translations. Added international titles to web page. Using texlive instead of tetex, not sure which one I will use in the future. Two new keywords to translate: Version and Made by! | |
| Revision 3.1-0.1 | 2005-08-23 |
| Changed all files to UTF-8 encoding. Use subversion instead of CVS. | |
| Revision 3.1 | 2005-06-19 |
| Bumped version number to Debian release number to confuse everybody. Added folding advice. Commented out unimportant entries, where necessary. | |
| Revision 1.0.5 | 2005-05-23 |
| Added CVS checkout commands to refcard web page, thanks to Geert Stappers (stappers AT stappers.nl). | |
| Revision 1.0.4 | 2004-09-14 |
| Polish translation added. | |
| Revision 1.0.3 | 2004-09-02 |
| Finnish and Hungarian translations added. | |
| Revision 1.0.2 | 2004-08-27 |
| Ukrainian translation added. | |
| Revision 1.0.1 | 2004-08-22 |
| Some new translations available (Catalan, Danish) or under construction (Finnish, Greek, Hungarian, Slovak, Turkish, Ukrainian). Once again, Michael Wiedmann (mw AT miwie.in-berlin.de) found a lot of important tricks to make things work. Thanks! | |
| Revision 1.0 | 2004-06-14 |
| Split translatable contents from boilerplate, easing life of translators and me. | |
| Revision 0.9 | 2004-04-29 |
| Not yet released, but preliminary translations for French and Portuguese are here! | |
| Revision 0.8 | 2004-04-27 |
| Not yet released, but preliminary translations into Dutch and Spanish are here! | |
| Revision 0.7 | 2004-04-18 |
| More changes and additions! | |
| Revision 0.6 | 2004-04-17 |
| Got a German translation from Alexander Schmehl (alexander AT schmehl.info). Because my original version changed in the mean time, I had to rework it a little bit. Finally added auto-apt. | |
| Revision 0.5 | 2004-04-16 |
| More minor changes. Restructured some sections, to make the card more comprehensive. | |
| Revision 0.4 | 2004-04-16 |
| Minor changes. | |
| Revision 0.3 | 2004-04-15 |
| Many changes. Added a fold mark between pages two and three, hopefully at the right position. The basic idea is taken from leaflet.cls by Jürgen Schlegelmilch (schlegel AT informatik.uni-rostock.de). | |
| Revision 0.2 | 2004-04-12 |
| Some more commands, files, hints. Fixes in the XSL lead to better PDF. | |
| Revision 0.1 | 2004-04-10 |
| Initial version, based on the APT and Dpkg Quick Reference Sheet by Matthew Danish (mdanish AT andrew.cmu.edu). Some layout ideas are taken from the BSD leaflet by Oliver Fromme (olli AT fromme.com), and other public sources. | |