The graphical interface only provides display space. Running the X server by itself only leads to an empty screen, which is why most installations use a display manager to display a user authentication screen and start the graphical desktop once the user has authenticated. The three most popular display managers in current use are gdm3 (GNOME Display Manager), kdm (KDE Display Manager) and lightdm (Light Display Manager). Since the Falcot Corp administrators have opted to use the GNOME desktop environment, they logically picked gdm3
as a display manager too. The /etc/gdm3/daemon.conf
configuration file has many options (the list can be found in the /usr/share/gdm/gdm.schemas
schema file) to control its behaviour while /etc/gdm3/greeter.dconf-defaults
contains settings for the greeter “session” (more than just a login window, it is a limited desktop with power management and accessibility related tools). Note that some of the most useful settings for end-users can be tweaked with GNOME's control center.
13.2.2. اختيار مدير النوافذ
Since each graphical desktop provides its own window manager, choosing the former usually implies software selections from the latter. GNOME uses the mutter
window manager, KDE uses kwin
, and Xfce (which we present later) has xfwm
. The Unix philosophy always allows using one's window manager of choice, but following the recommendations allows an administrator to best take advantage of the integration efforts led by each project.
قد تعاني الحواسيب القديمة، على أي حال، عند تشغيل بيئات سطح المكتب الرسومية الثقيلة. في هذه الحالات، يجب استخدام إعداد أخف. نذكر من مديري النوافذ ”الخفيفين“ (light أوsmall footprint) WindowMaker (في الحزمة wmaker)، وafterstep، وfvwm، وicewm، وblackbox، وfluxbox وopenbox. في هذه الحالات، يجب ضبط النظام حتى يأخذ مدير النوافذ المناسب الأولوية؛ الطريقة القياسية لذلك هي تغيير البديل x-window-manager
باستخدام الأمر update-alternatives --config x-window-manager
.