13.9. Emulazione di Windows: Wine
In spite of all the previously mentioned efforts, there are still a number of tools without a Linux equivalent, or for which the original version is absolutely required. This is where Windows emulation systems come in handy. The most well-known among them is Wine.
Cominciamo con un promemoria: l'emulazione permette di eseguire un programma (sviluppato per un sistema destinazione) su un diverso sistema host. Il software di emulazione usa il sistema host, dove gira l'applicazione, per imitare le funzionalità richieste del sistema destinazione.
Now let's install the required packages (ttf-mscorefonts-installer is in the contrib section):
#
apt-get install wine ttf-mscorefonts-installer
On a 64 bit (amd64) system, if your Windows applications are 32 bit applications, then you will have to enable multi-arch to be able to install wine32 from the i386 architecture (see
Sezione 5.4.5, «Multi-Arch Support»).
The user then needs to run winecfg
and configure which (Debian) locations are mapped to which (Windows) drives. winecfg
has some sane defaults and can autodetect some more drives; note that even if you have a dual-boot system, you should not point the C:
drive at where the Windows partition is mounted in Debian, as Wine is likely to overwrite some of the data on that partition, making Windows unusable. Other settings can be kept to their default values. To run Windows programs, you will first need to install them by running their (Windows) installer under Wine, with a command such as wine .../setup.exe
; once the program is installed, you can run it with wine .../program.exe
. The exact location of the program.exe
file depends on where the C:
drive is mapped; in many cases, however, simply running wine program
will work, since the program is usually installed in a location where Wine will look for it by itself.
Notare che non ci si deve fidare di Wine (o soluzioni simili) senza collaudare effettivamente il software specifico: solo una vera prova d'uso determinerà per certo se l'emulazione è pienamente funzionante.