/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
 *                                   OpenMM                                   *
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
 * This is part of the OpenMM molecular simulation toolkit originating from   *
 * Simbios, the NIH National Center for Physics-Based Simulation of           *
 * Biological Structures at Stanford, funded under the NIH Roadmap for        *
 * Medical Research, grant U54 GM072970. See https://simtk.org.               *
 *                                                                            *
 * Portions copyright (c) 2013-2016 Stanford University and the Authors.      *
 * Authors: Peter Eastman                                                     *
 * Contributors:                                                              *
 *                                                                            *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a    *
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), *
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation  *
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,   *
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the      *
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:       *
 *                                                                            *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in *
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.                        *
 *                                                                            *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR *
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,   *
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL    *
 * THE AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,    *
 * DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR      *
 * OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE  *
 * USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.                                     *
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#include "openmm/internal/AssertionUtilities.h"
#include "openmm/Context.h"
#include "openmm/NonbondedForce.h"
#include "openmm/Platform.h"
#include "openmm/System.h"
#include "openmm/VirtualSite.h"
#include "openmm/DrudeForce.h"
#include "openmm/DrudeLangevinIntegrator.h"
#include "SimTKOpenMMUtilities.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace OpenMM;
using namespace std;

void testSinglePair() {
    const double temperature = 300.0;
    const double temperatureDrude = 10.0;
    const double k = ONE_4PI_EPS0*1.5;
    const double charge = 0.1;
    const double alpha = ONE_4PI_EPS0*charge*charge/k;
    const double mass1 = 1.0;
    const double mass2 = 0.1;
    const double totalMass = mass1+mass2;
    const double reducedMass = (mass1*mass2)/(mass1+mass2);
    const double maxDistance = 0.05;
    System system;
    system.addParticle(mass1);
    system.addParticle(mass2);
    DrudeForce* drude = new DrudeForce();
    drude->addParticle(1, 0, -1, -1, -1, charge, alpha, 1, 1);
    system.addForce(drude);
    vector<Vec3> positions(2);
    positions[0] = Vec3(0, 0, 0);
    positions[1] = Vec3(0, 0, 0);
    DrudeLangevinIntegrator integ(temperature, 20.0, temperatureDrude, 20.0, 0.003);
    integ.setMaxDrudeDistance(maxDistance);
    Context context(system, integ, platform);
    context.setPositions(positions);

    // Equilibrate.

    integ.step(1000);

    // Compute the internal and center of mass temperatures.

    double keCM = 0, keInternal = 0;
    int numSteps = 10000;
    for (int i = 0; i < numSteps; i++) {
        integ.step(10);
        State state = context.getState(State::Velocities | State::Positions);
        const vector<Vec3>& vel = state.getVelocities();
        Vec3 velCM = vel[0]*(mass1/totalMass) + vel[1]*(mass2/totalMass);
        keCM += 0.5*totalMass*velCM.dot(velCM);
        Vec3 velInternal = vel[0]-vel[1];
        keInternal += 0.5*reducedMass*velInternal.dot(velInternal);
        Vec3 delta = state.getPositions()[0]-state.getPositions()[1];
        double distance = sqrt(delta.dot(delta));
        ASSERT(distance <= maxDistance*(1+1e-6));
    }
    ASSERT_USUALLY_EQUAL_TOL(3*0.5*BOLTZ*temperature, keCM/numSteps, 0.1);
    ASSERT_USUALLY_EQUAL_TOL(3*0.5*BOLTZ*temperatureDrude, keInternal/numSteps, 0.01);
}

void testWater() {
    // Create a box of SWM4-NDP water molecules.  This involves constraints, virtual sites,
    // and Drude particles.

    const int gridSize = 3;
    const int numMolecules = gridSize*gridSize*gridSize;
    const double spacing = 0.6;
    const double boxSize = spacing*(gridSize+1);
    const double temperature = 300.0;
    const double temperatureDrude = 10.0;
    System system;
    NonbondedForce* nonbonded = new NonbondedForce();
    DrudeForce* drude = new DrudeForce();
    system.addForce(nonbonded);
    system.addForce(drude);
    system.setDefaultPeriodicBoxVectors(Vec3(boxSize, 0, 0), Vec3(0, boxSize, 0), Vec3(0, 0, boxSize));
    nonbonded->setNonbondedMethod(NonbondedForce::CutoffPeriodic);
    nonbonded->setCutoffDistance(1.0);
    for (int i = 0; i < numMolecules; i++) {
        int startIndex = system.getNumParticles();
        system.addParticle(15.6); // O
        system.addParticle(0.4);  // D
        system.addParticle(1.0);  // H1
        system.addParticle(1.0);  // H2
        system.addParticle(0.0);  // M
        nonbonded->addParticle(1.71636, 0.318395, 0.21094*4.184);
        nonbonded->addParticle(-1.71636, 1, 0);
        nonbonded->addParticle(0.55733, 1, 0);
        nonbonded->addParticle(0.55733, 1, 0);
        nonbonded->addParticle(-1.11466, 1, 0);
        for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
            for (int k = 0; k < j; k++)
                nonbonded->addException(startIndex+j, startIndex+k, 0, 1, 0);
        system.addConstraint(startIndex, startIndex+2, 0.09572);
        system.addConstraint(startIndex, startIndex+3, 0.09572);
        system.addConstraint(startIndex+2, startIndex+3, 0.15139);
        system.setVirtualSite(startIndex+4, new ThreeParticleAverageSite(startIndex, startIndex+2, startIndex+3, 0.786646558, 0.106676721, 0.106676721));
        drude->addParticle(startIndex+1, startIndex, -1, -1, -1, -1.71636, ONE_4PI_EPS0*1.71636*1.71636/(100000*4.184), 1, 1);
    }
    vector<Vec3> positions;
    for (int i = 0; i < gridSize; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < gridSize; j++)
            for (int k = 0; k < gridSize; k++) {
                Vec3 pos(i*spacing, j*spacing, k*spacing);
                positions.push_back(pos);
                positions.push_back(pos);
                positions.push_back(pos+Vec3(0.09572, 0, 0));
                positions.push_back(pos+Vec3(-0.023999, 0.092663, 0));
                positions.push_back(pos);
            }

    // Simulate it and check the temperature.

    DrudeLangevinIntegrator integ(temperature, 50.0, temperatureDrude, 50.0, 0.0005);
    Context context(system, integ, platform);
    context.setPositions(positions);
    context.applyConstraints(1e-5);

    // Equilibrate.

    integ.step(500);

    // Compute the internal and center of mass temperatures.

    double ke = 0;
    int numSteps = 4000;
    for (int i = 0; i < numSteps; i++) {
        integ.step(1);
        ke += context.getState(State::Energy).getKineticEnergy();
    }
    ke /= numSteps;
    int numStandardDof = 3*3*numMolecules-system.getNumConstraints();
    int numDrudeDof = 3*numMolecules;
    int numDof = numStandardDof+numDrudeDof;
    double expectedTemp = (numStandardDof*temperature+numDrudeDof*temperatureDrude)/numDof;
    ASSERT_USUALLY_EQUAL_TOL(expectedTemp, ke/(0.5*numDof*BOLTZ), 0.03);
}

void testForceEnergyConsistency() {
    // Create a box of polarizable particles.
    const int gridSize = 3;
    const int numAtoms = gridSize*gridSize*gridSize;
    const double spacing = 0.6;
    const double boxSize = spacing*(gridSize+1);
    const double temperature = 300.0;
    const double temperatureDrude = 10.0;
    System system;
    vector<Vec3> positions;
    NonbondedForce* nonbonded = new NonbondedForce();
    DrudeForce* drude = new DrudeForce();
    system.addForce(nonbonded);
    system.addForce(drude);
    system.setDefaultPeriodicBoxVectors(Vec3(boxSize, 0, 0), Vec3(0, boxSize, 0), Vec3(0, 0, boxSize));
    nonbonded->setNonbondedMethod(NonbondedForce::PME);
    nonbonded->setCutoffDistance(1.0);
    nonbonded->setUseSwitchingFunction(true);
    nonbonded->setSwitchingDistance(0.9);
    nonbonded->setEwaldErrorTolerance(5e-5);
    for (int i = 0; i < numAtoms; i++) {
        int startIndex = system.getNumParticles();
        system.addParticle(1.0);
        system.addParticle(1.0);
        nonbonded->addParticle(1.0, 0.3, 1.0);
        nonbonded->addParticle(-1.0, 0.3, 1.0);
        nonbonded->addException(startIndex, startIndex+1, 0, 1, 0);
        drude->addParticle(startIndex+1, startIndex, -1, -1, -1, -1.0, 0.001, 1, 1);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < gridSize; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < gridSize; j++)
            for (int k = 0; k < gridSize; k++) {
                Vec3 pos(i*spacing, j*spacing, k*spacing);
                positions.push_back(pos);
                positions.push_back(pos);
            }

    // Simulate it and check that force and energy remain consistent.

    DrudeLangevinIntegrator integ(temperature, 50.0, temperatureDrude, 50.0, 0.001);
    Context context(system, integ, platform);
    context.setPositions(positions);
    State prevState;
    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
        State state = context.getState(State::Energy | State::Forces | State::Positions);
        if (i > 0) {
            double expectedEnergyChange = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < system.getNumParticles(); j++) {
                Vec3 delta = state.getPositions()[j]-prevState.getPositions()[j];
                expectedEnergyChange -= 0.5*(state.getForces()[j]+prevState.getForces()[j]).dot(delta);
            }
            ASSERT_EQUAL_TOL(expectedEnergyChange, state.getPotentialEnergy()-prevState.getPotentialEnergy(), 0.05);
        }
        prevState = state;
        integ.step(1);
    }
}

void testInitialTemperature() {
    // Check temperature initialization for a collection of randomly placed particles
    const int numRealParticles = 50000;
    const int numParticles = 2 * numRealParticles;
    const int nDoF = 3 * numRealParticles;
    const double targetTemperature = 300;
    const double drudeTemperature = 1;
    const double realMass = 10;
    const double drudeMass = 1;
    System system;
    OpenMM_SFMT::SFMT sfmt;
    init_gen_rand(0, sfmt);
    std::vector<Vec3> positions(numParticles);
    DrudeForce* drude = new DrudeForce();

    for (int i = 0; i < numRealParticles; i++) {
        system.addParticle(realMass);
        system.addParticle(drudeMass);
        positions[2*i][0] = genrand_real2(sfmt);
        positions[2*i][1] = genrand_real2(sfmt);
        positions[2*i][2] = genrand_real2(sfmt);
        positions[2*i+1][0] = positions[2*i][0] + 0.01*genrand_real2(sfmt);
        positions[2*i+1][1] = positions[2*i][1] + 0.01*genrand_real2(sfmt);
        positions[2*i+1][2] = positions[2*i][2] + 0.01*genrand_real2(sfmt);
        drude->addParticle(2*i+1, 2*i, -1, -1, -1, -1.0, 0.001, 1, 1);
    }
    system.addForce(drude);

    DrudeLangevinIntegrator integrator(targetTemperature, 25, drudeTemperature, 25, 0.001);
    Context context(system, integrator, platform);
    context.setPositions(positions);
    context.setVelocitiesToTemperature(targetTemperature);
    auto velocities = context.getState(State::Velocities).getVelocities();
    double comKineticEnergy = 0;
    double relKineticEnergy = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < numRealParticles; i++) {
        int m1 = realMass;
        int m2 = drudeMass;
        Vec3 v1 = velocities[2*i];
        Vec3 v2 = velocities[2*i + 1];
        double invMass = 1.0 / (m1 + m2);
        double redMass = m1 * m2 * invMass;
        double fracM1 = m1 * invMass;
        double fracM2 = m2 * invMass;
        Vec3 comVelocity = fracM1 * v1 + fracM2 * v2;
        Vec3 relVelocity = v2 - v1;

        comKineticEnergy += 0.5 * (m1 + m2) * comVelocity.dot(comVelocity);
        relKineticEnergy += 0.5 * redMass * relVelocity.dot(relVelocity);
    }
    double comTemperature = (2*comKineticEnergy / (nDoF*BOLTZ));
    double relTemperature = (2*relKineticEnergy / (nDoF*BOLTZ));
    ASSERT_USUALLY_EQUAL_TOL(targetTemperature, comTemperature, 0.01);
    ASSERT_USUALLY_EQUAL_TOL(drudeTemperature, relTemperature, 0.01);
}

void setupKernels(int argc, char* argv[]);
void runPlatformTests();

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    try {
        setupKernels(argc, argv);
        testInitialTemperature();
        testSinglePair();
        testWater();
        testForceEnergyConsistency();
        runPlatformTests();
    }
    catch(const std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        std::cout << "FAIL - ERROR.  Test failed." << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }
    std::cout << "Done" << std::endl;
    return 0;
}
