/*
//@HEADER
// ************************************************************************
// 
//                        Kokkos v. 2.0
//              Copyright (2014) Sandia Corporation
// 
// Under the terms of Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 with Sandia Corporation,
// the U.S. Government retains certain rights in this software.
// 
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//
// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
// documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//
// 3. Neither the name of the Corporation nor the names of the
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY SANDIA CORPORATION "AS IS" AND ANY
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
// PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL SANDIA CORPORATION OR THE
// CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
// EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
// PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
// NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
// SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Questions? Contact Christian R. Trott (crtrott@sandia.gov)
// 
// ************************************************************************
//@HEADER
*/

#include <gtest/gtest.h>

#include <Kokkos_Core.hpp>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/


/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

namespace Test {

template< class T , class ... P >
size_t allocation_count( const Kokkos::DynRankView<T,P...> & view )
{
  const size_t card  = view.size();
  const size_t alloc = view.span();

  return card <= alloc ? alloc : 0 ;
}

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

template< typename T, class DeviceType>
struct TestViewOperator
{
  typedef DeviceType  execution_space ;

  static const unsigned N = 100 ;
  static const unsigned D = 3 ;

  typedef Kokkos::DynRankView< T , execution_space > view_type ;

  const view_type v1 ;
  const view_type v2 ;

  TestViewOperator()
    : v1( "v1" , N , D )
    , v2( "v2" , N , D )
    {}

  static void testit()
  {
    Kokkos::parallel_for( N , TestViewOperator() );
  }

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  void operator()( const unsigned i ) const
  {
    const unsigned X = 0 ;
    const unsigned Y = 1 ;
    const unsigned Z = 2 ;

    v2(i,X) = v1(i,X);
    v2(i,Y) = v1(i,Y);
    v2(i,Z) = v1(i,Z);
  }
};

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

template< class DataType ,
          class DeviceType ,
          unsigned Rank >
struct TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight ;

template< class DataType , class DeviceType >
struct TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight< DataType , DeviceType , 7 >
{
  typedef DeviceType                          execution_space ;
  typedef typename execution_space::memory_space  memory_space ;
  typedef typename execution_space::size_type     size_type ;

  typedef int value_type ;

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  static void join( volatile value_type & update ,
                    const volatile value_type & input )
    { update |= input ; }

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  static void init( value_type & update )
    { update = 0 ; }


  typedef Kokkos::
    DynRankView< DataType, Kokkos::LayoutLeft, execution_space > left_view ;

  typedef Kokkos::
    DynRankView< DataType, Kokkos::LayoutRight, execution_space > right_view ;

  left_view    left ;
  right_view   right ;
  long         left_alloc ;
  long         right_alloc ;

  TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight(unsigned N0, unsigned N1, unsigned N2, unsigned N3, unsigned N4, unsigned N5, unsigned N6 )
    : left(  "left" , N0, N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6 )
    , right( "right" , N0, N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6 )
    , left_alloc( allocation_count( left ) )
    , right_alloc( allocation_count( right ) )
    {}

  static void testit(unsigned N0, unsigned N1, unsigned N2, unsigned N3, unsigned N4, unsigned N5, unsigned N6 )
  {
    TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight driver(N0, N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6 );

    int error_flag = 0 ;

    Kokkos::parallel_reduce( 1 , driver , error_flag );

    ASSERT_EQ( error_flag , 0 );
  }

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  void operator()( const size_type , value_type & update ) const
  {
    long offset ;

    offset = -1 ;
    for ( unsigned i6 = 0 ; i6 < unsigned(left.extent(6)) ; ++i6 )
    for ( unsigned i5 = 0 ; i5 < unsigned(left.extent(5)) ; ++i5 )
    for ( unsigned i4 = 0 ; i4 < unsigned(left.extent(4)) ; ++i4 )
    for ( unsigned i3 = 0 ; i3 < unsigned(left.extent(3)) ; ++i3 )
    for ( unsigned i2 = 0 ; i2 < unsigned(left.extent(2)) ; ++i2 )
    for ( unsigned i1 = 0 ; i1 < unsigned(left.extent(1)) ; ++i1 )
    for ( unsigned i0 = 0 ; i0 < unsigned(left.extent(0)) ; ++i0 )
    {
      const long j = & left( i0, i1, i2, i3, i4, i5, i6 ) -
                     & left(  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0 );
      if ( j <= offset || left_alloc <= j ) { update |= 1 ; }
      offset = j ;
    }

    offset = -1 ;
    for ( unsigned i0 = 0 ; i0 < unsigned(right.extent(0)) ; ++i0 )
    for ( unsigned i1 = 0 ; i1 < unsigned(right.extent(1)) ; ++i1 )
    for ( unsigned i2 = 0 ; i2 < unsigned(right.extent(2)) ; ++i2 )
    for ( unsigned i3 = 0 ; i3 < unsigned(right.extent(3)) ; ++i3 )
    for ( unsigned i4 = 0 ; i4 < unsigned(right.extent(4)) ; ++i4 )
    for ( unsigned i5 = 0 ; i5 < unsigned(right.extent(5)) ; ++i5 )
    for ( unsigned i6 = 0 ; i6 < unsigned(right.extent(6)) ; ++i6 )
    {
      const long j = & right( i0, i1, i2, i3, i4, i5, i6 ) -
                     & right(  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0 );
      if ( j <= offset || right_alloc <= j ) { update |= 2 ; }
      offset = j ;
    }
  }
};

template< class DataType , class DeviceType >
struct TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight< DataType , DeviceType , 6 >
{
  typedef DeviceType                          execution_space ;
  typedef typename execution_space::memory_space  memory_space ;
  typedef typename execution_space::size_type     size_type ;

  typedef int value_type ;

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  static void join( volatile value_type & update ,
                    const volatile value_type & input )
    { update |= input ; }

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  static void init( value_type & update )
    { update = 0 ; }


  typedef Kokkos::
    DynRankView< DataType, Kokkos::LayoutLeft, execution_space > left_view ;

  typedef Kokkos::
    DynRankView< DataType, Kokkos::LayoutRight, execution_space > right_view ;

  left_view    left ;
  right_view   right ;
  long         left_alloc ;
  long         right_alloc ;

  TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight(unsigned N0, unsigned N1, unsigned N2, unsigned N3, unsigned N4, unsigned N5 )
    : left(  "left" , N0, N1, N2, N3, N4, N5 )
    , right( "right" , N0, N1, N2, N3, N4, N5 )
    , left_alloc( allocation_count( left ) )
    , right_alloc( allocation_count( right ) )
    {}

  static void testit(unsigned N0, unsigned N1, unsigned N2, unsigned N3, unsigned N4, unsigned N5)
  {
    TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight driver (N0, N1, N2, N3, N4, N5);

    int error_flag = 0 ;

    Kokkos::parallel_reduce( 1 , driver , error_flag );

    ASSERT_EQ( error_flag , 0 );
  }

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  void operator()( const size_type , value_type & update ) const
  {
    long offset ;

    offset = -1 ;
    for ( unsigned i5 = 0 ; i5 < unsigned(left.extent(5)) ; ++i5 )
    for ( unsigned i4 = 0 ; i4 < unsigned(left.extent(4)) ; ++i4 )
    for ( unsigned i3 = 0 ; i3 < unsigned(left.extent(3)) ; ++i3 )
    for ( unsigned i2 = 0 ; i2 < unsigned(left.extent(2)) ; ++i2 )
    for ( unsigned i1 = 0 ; i1 < unsigned(left.extent(1)) ; ++i1 )
    for ( unsigned i0 = 0 ; i0 < unsigned(left.extent(0)) ; ++i0 )
    {
      const long j = & left( i0, i1, i2, i3, i4, i5 ) -
                     & left(  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0 );
      if ( j <= offset || left_alloc <= j ) { update |= 1 ; }
      offset = j ;
    }

    offset = -1 ;
    for ( unsigned i0 = 0 ; i0 < unsigned(right.extent(0)) ; ++i0 )
    for ( unsigned i1 = 0 ; i1 < unsigned(right.extent(1)) ; ++i1 )
    for ( unsigned i2 = 0 ; i2 < unsigned(right.extent(2)) ; ++i2 )
    for ( unsigned i3 = 0 ; i3 < unsigned(right.extent(3)) ; ++i3 )
    for ( unsigned i4 = 0 ; i4 < unsigned(right.extent(4)) ; ++i4 )
    for ( unsigned i5 = 0 ; i5 < unsigned(right.extent(5)) ; ++i5 )
    {
      const long j = & right( i0, i1, i2, i3, i4, i5 ) -
                     & right(  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0 );
      if ( j <= offset || right_alloc <= j ) { update |= 2 ; }
      offset = j ;
    }
  }
};

template< class DataType , class DeviceType >
struct TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight< DataType , DeviceType , 5 >
{
  typedef DeviceType                          execution_space ;
  typedef typename execution_space::memory_space  memory_space ;
  typedef typename execution_space::size_type     size_type ;

  typedef int value_type ;

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  static void join( volatile value_type & update ,
                    const volatile value_type & input )
    { update |= input ; }

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  static void init( value_type & update )
    { update = 0 ; }


  typedef Kokkos::
    DynRankView< DataType, Kokkos::LayoutLeft, execution_space > left_view ;

  typedef Kokkos::
    DynRankView< DataType, Kokkos::LayoutRight, execution_space > right_view ;

  typedef Kokkos::
    DynRankView< DataType, Kokkos::LayoutStride, execution_space > stride_view ;

  left_view    left ;
  right_view   right ;
  stride_view  left_stride ;
  stride_view  right_stride ;
  long         left_alloc ;
  long         right_alloc ;

  TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight(unsigned N0, unsigned N1, unsigned N2, unsigned N3, unsigned N4 )
    : left(  "left" , N0, N1, N2, N3, N4 )
    , right( "right" , N0, N1, N2, N3, N4 )
    , left_stride( left )
    , right_stride( right )
    , left_alloc( allocation_count( left ) )
    , right_alloc( allocation_count( right ) )
    {}

  static void testit(unsigned N0, unsigned N1, unsigned N2, unsigned N3, unsigned N4)
  {
    TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight driver(N0, N1, N2, N3, N4);

    int error_flag = 0 ;

    Kokkos::parallel_reduce( 1 , driver , error_flag );

    ASSERT_EQ( error_flag , 0 );
  }

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  void operator()( const size_type , value_type & update ) const
  {
    long offset ;

    offset = -1 ;
    for ( unsigned i4 = 0 ; i4 < unsigned(left.extent(4)) ; ++i4 )
    for ( unsigned i3 = 0 ; i3 < unsigned(left.extent(3)) ; ++i3 )
    for ( unsigned i2 = 0 ; i2 < unsigned(left.extent(2)) ; ++i2 )
    for ( unsigned i1 = 0 ; i1 < unsigned(left.extent(1)) ; ++i1 )
    for ( unsigned i0 = 0 ; i0 < unsigned(left.extent(0)) ; ++i0 )
    {
      const long j = & left( i0, i1, i2, i3, i4 ) -
                     & left(  0,  0,  0,  0,  0 );
      if ( j <= offset || left_alloc <= j ) { update |= 1 ; }
      offset = j ;

      if ( & left( i0, i1, i2, i3, i4 ) !=
           & left_stride( i0, i1, i2, i3, i4 ) ) { update |= 4 ; }
    }

    offset = -1 ;
    for ( unsigned i0 = 0 ; i0 < unsigned(right.extent(0)) ; ++i0 )
    for ( unsigned i1 = 0 ; i1 < unsigned(right.extent(1)) ; ++i1 )
    for ( unsigned i2 = 0 ; i2 < unsigned(right.extent(2)) ; ++i2 )
    for ( unsigned i3 = 0 ; i3 < unsigned(right.extent(3)) ; ++i3 )
    for ( unsigned i4 = 0 ; i4 < unsigned(right.extent(4)) ; ++i4 )
    {
      const long j = & right( i0, i1, i2, i3, i4 ) -
                     & right(  0,  0,  0,  0,  0 );
      if ( j <= offset || right_alloc <= j ) { update |= 2 ; }
      offset = j ;

      if ( & right( i0, i1, i2, i3, i4 ) !=
           & right_stride( i0, i1, i2, i3, i4 ) ) { update |= 8 ; }
    }
  }
};

template< class DataType , class DeviceType >
struct TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight< DataType , DeviceType , 4 >
{
  typedef DeviceType                          execution_space ;
  typedef typename execution_space::memory_space  memory_space ;
  typedef typename execution_space::size_type     size_type ;

  typedef int value_type ;

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  static void join( volatile value_type & update ,
                    const volatile value_type & input )
    { update |= input ; }

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  static void init( value_type & update )
    { update = 0 ; }


  typedef Kokkos::
    DynRankView< DataType, Kokkos::LayoutLeft, execution_space > left_view ;

  typedef Kokkos::
    DynRankView< DataType, Kokkos::LayoutRight, execution_space > right_view ;

  left_view    left ;
  right_view   right ;
  long         left_alloc ;
  long         right_alloc ;

  TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight(unsigned N0, unsigned N1, unsigned N2, unsigned N3)
    : left(  "left" , N0, N1, N2, N3 )
    , right( "right" , N0, N1, N2, N3 )
    , left_alloc( allocation_count( left ) )
    , right_alloc( allocation_count( right ) )
    {}

  static void testit(unsigned N0, unsigned N1, unsigned N2, unsigned N3)
  {
    TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight driver (N0, N1, N2, N3);

    int error_flag = 0 ;

    Kokkos::parallel_reduce( 1 , driver , error_flag );

    ASSERT_EQ( error_flag , 0 );
  }

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  void operator()( const size_type , value_type & update ) const
  {
    long offset ;

    offset = -1 ;
    for ( unsigned i3 = 0 ; i3 < unsigned(left.extent(3)) ; ++i3 )
    for ( unsigned i2 = 0 ; i2 < unsigned(left.extent(2)) ; ++i2 )
    for ( unsigned i1 = 0 ; i1 < unsigned(left.extent(1)) ; ++i1 )
    for ( unsigned i0 = 0 ; i0 < unsigned(left.extent(0)) ; ++i0 )
    {
      const long j = & left( i0, i1, i2, i3 ) -
                     & left(  0,  0,  0,  0 );
      if ( j <= offset || left_alloc <= j ) { update |= 1 ; }
      offset = j ;
    }

    offset = -1 ;
    for ( unsigned i0 = 0 ; i0 < unsigned(right.extent(0)) ; ++i0 )
    for ( unsigned i1 = 0 ; i1 < unsigned(right.extent(1)) ; ++i1 )
    for ( unsigned i2 = 0 ; i2 < unsigned(right.extent(2)) ; ++i2 )
    for ( unsigned i3 = 0 ; i3 < unsigned(right.extent(3)) ; ++i3 )
    {
      const long j = & right( i0, i1, i2, i3 ) -
                     & right(  0,  0,  0,  0 );
      if ( j <= offset || right_alloc <= j ) { update |= 2 ; }
      offset = j ;
    }
  }
};

template< class DataType , class DeviceType >
struct TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight< DataType , DeviceType , 3 >
{
  typedef DeviceType                          execution_space ;
  typedef typename execution_space::memory_space  memory_space ;
  typedef typename execution_space::size_type     size_type ;

  typedef int value_type ;

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  static void join( volatile value_type & update ,
                    const volatile value_type & input )
    { update |= input ; }

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  static void init( value_type & update )
    { update = 0 ; }


  typedef Kokkos::
    DynRankView< DataType, Kokkos::LayoutLeft, execution_space > left_view ;

  typedef Kokkos::
    DynRankView< DataType, Kokkos::LayoutRight, execution_space > right_view ;

  typedef Kokkos::
    DynRankView< DataType, Kokkos::LayoutStride, execution_space > stride_view ;

  left_view    left ;
  right_view   right ;
  stride_view  left_stride ;
  stride_view  right_stride ;
  long         left_alloc ;
  long         right_alloc ;

  TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight(unsigned N0, unsigned N1, unsigned N2)
    : left(  std::string("left") , N0, N1, N2 )
    , right( std::string("right") , N0, N1, N2 )
    , left_stride( left )
    , right_stride( right )
    , left_alloc( allocation_count( left ) )
    , right_alloc( allocation_count( right ) )
    {}

  static void testit(unsigned N0, unsigned N1, unsigned N2)
  {
    TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight driver (N0, N1, N2);

    int error_flag = 0 ;

    Kokkos::parallel_reduce( 1 , driver , error_flag );

    ASSERT_EQ( error_flag , 0 );
  }

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  void operator()( const size_type , value_type & update ) const
  {
    long offset ;

    offset = -1 ;
    for ( unsigned i2 = 0 ; i2 < unsigned(left.extent(2)) ; ++i2 )
    for ( unsigned i1 = 0 ; i1 < unsigned(left.extent(1)) ; ++i1 )
    for ( unsigned i0 = 0 ; i0 < unsigned(left.extent(0)) ; ++i0 )
    {
      const long j = & left( i0, i1, i2 ) -
                     & left(  0,  0,  0 );
      if ( j <= offset || left_alloc <= j ) { update |= 1 ; }
      offset = j ;

      if ( & left(i0,i1,i2) != & left_stride(i0,i1,i2) ) { update |= 4 ; }
    }

    offset = -1 ;
    for ( unsigned i0 = 0 ; i0 < unsigned(right.extent(0)) ; ++i0 )
    for ( unsigned i1 = 0 ; i1 < unsigned(right.extent(1)) ; ++i1 )
    for ( unsigned i2 = 0 ; i2 < unsigned(right.extent(2)) ; ++i2 )
    {
      const long j = & right( i0, i1, i2 ) -
                     & right(  0,  0,  0 );
      if ( j <= offset || right_alloc <= j ) { update |= 2 ; }
      offset = j ;

      if ( & right(i0,i1,i2) != & right_stride(i0,i1,i2) ) { update |= 8 ; }
    }

    for ( unsigned i0 = 0 ; i0 < unsigned(left.extent(0)) ; ++i0 )
    for ( unsigned i1 = 0 ; i1 < unsigned(left.extent(1)) ; ++i1 )
    for ( unsigned i2 = 0 ; i2 < unsigned(left.extent(2)) ; ++i2 )
    {
      if ( & left(i0,i1,i2)  != & left(i0,i1,i2,0,0,0,0) )  { update |= 3 ; }
      if ( & right(i0,i1,i2) != & right(i0,i1,i2,0,0,0,0) ) { update |= 3 ; }
    }
  }
};

template< class DataType , class DeviceType >
struct TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight< DataType , DeviceType , 2 >
{
  typedef DeviceType                          execution_space ;
  typedef typename execution_space::memory_space  memory_space ;
  typedef typename execution_space::size_type     size_type ;

  typedef int value_type ;

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  static void join( volatile value_type & update ,
                    const volatile value_type & input )
    { update |= input ; }

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  static void init( value_type & update )
    { update = 0 ; }


  typedef Kokkos::
    DynRankView< DataType, Kokkos::LayoutLeft, execution_space > left_view ;

  typedef Kokkos::
    DynRankView< DataType, Kokkos::LayoutRight, execution_space > right_view ;

  left_view    left ;
  right_view   right ;
  long         left_alloc ;
  long         right_alloc ;

  TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight(unsigned N0, unsigned N1)
    : left(  "left" , N0, N1 )
    , right( "right" , N0, N1 )
    , left_alloc( allocation_count( left ) )
    , right_alloc( allocation_count( right ) )
    {}

  static void testit(unsigned N0, unsigned N1)
  {
    TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight driver(N0, N1);

    int error_flag = 0 ;

    Kokkos::parallel_reduce( 1 , driver , error_flag );

    ASSERT_EQ( error_flag , 0 );
  }

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  void operator()( const size_type , value_type & update ) const
  {
    long offset ;

    offset = -1 ;
    for ( unsigned i1 = 0 ; i1 < unsigned(left.extent(1)) ; ++i1 )
    for ( unsigned i0 = 0 ; i0 < unsigned(left.extent(0)) ; ++i0 )
    {
      const long j = & left( i0, i1 ) -
                     & left(  0,  0 );
      if ( j <= offset || left_alloc <= j ) { update |= 1 ; }
      offset = j ;
    }

    offset = -1 ;
    for ( unsigned i0 = 0 ; i0 < unsigned(right.extent(0)) ; ++i0 )
    for ( unsigned i1 = 0 ; i1 < unsigned(right.extent(1)) ; ++i1 )
    {
      const long j = & right( i0, i1 ) -
                     & right(  0,  0 );
      if ( j <= offset || right_alloc <= j ) { update |= 2 ; }
      offset = j ;
    }

    for ( unsigned i0 = 0 ; i0 < unsigned(left.extent(0)) ; ++i0 )
    for ( unsigned i1 = 0 ; i1 < unsigned(left.extent(1)) ; ++i1 )
    {
      if ( & left(i0,i1)  != & left(i0,i1,0,0,0,0,0) )  { update |= 3 ; }
      if ( & right(i0,i1) != & right(i0,i1,0,0,0,0,0) ) { update |= 3 ; }
    }
  }
};

template< class DataType , class DeviceType >
struct TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight< DataType , DeviceType , 1 >
{
  typedef DeviceType                          execution_space ;
  typedef typename execution_space::memory_space  memory_space ;
  typedef typename execution_space::size_type     size_type ;

  typedef int value_type ;

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  static void join( volatile value_type & update ,
                    const volatile value_type & input )
    { update |= input ; }

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  static void init( value_type & update )
    { update = 0 ; }


  typedef Kokkos::
    DynRankView< DataType, Kokkos::LayoutLeft, execution_space > left_view ;

  typedef Kokkos::
    DynRankView< DataType, Kokkos::LayoutRight, execution_space > right_view ;

  typedef Kokkos::
    DynRankView< DataType, Kokkos::LayoutStride, execution_space > stride_view ;

  left_view    left ;
  right_view   right ;
  stride_view  left_stride ;
  stride_view  right_stride ;
  long         left_alloc ;
  long         right_alloc ;

  TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight(unsigned N0)
    : left(  "left" , N0 )
    , right( "right" , N0 )
    , left_stride( left )
    , right_stride( right )
    , left_alloc( allocation_count( left ) )
    , right_alloc( allocation_count( right ) )
    {}

  static void testit(unsigned N0)
  {
    TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight driver (N0) ;

    int error_flag = 0 ;

    Kokkos::parallel_reduce( 1 , driver , error_flag );

    ASSERT_EQ( error_flag , 0 );
  }

  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  void operator()( const size_type , value_type & update ) const
  {
    for ( unsigned i0 = 0 ; i0 < unsigned(left.extent(0)) ; ++i0 )
    {
      if ( & left(i0)  != & left(i0,0,0,0,0,0,0) )  { update |= 3 ; }
      if ( & right(i0) != & right(i0,0,0,0,0,0,0) ) { update |= 3 ; }
      if ( & left(i0)  != & left_stride(i0) ) { update |= 4 ; }
      if ( & right(i0) != & right_stride(i0) ) { update |= 8 ; }
    }
  }
};

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

template< typename T, class DeviceType >
class TestDynViewAPI
{
public:
  typedef DeviceType        device ;

  enum { N0 = 1000 ,
         N1 = 3 ,
         N2 = 5 ,
         N3 = 7 };

  typedef Kokkos::DynRankView< T , device > dView0 ;
  typedef Kokkos::DynRankView< const T , device > const_dView0 ;

  typedef Kokkos::DynRankView< T, device, Kokkos::MemoryUnmanaged > dView0_unmanaged ;
  typedef typename dView0::host_mirror_space host_drv_space ;

  typedef Kokkos::View< T , device >        View0 ;
  typedef Kokkos::View< T* , device >       View1 ;
  typedef Kokkos::View< T******* , device > View7 ;

  typedef typename View0::host_mirror_space  host_view_space ;

  TestDynViewAPI()
  {
    run_test_resize_realloc();
    run_test_mirror();
    run_test_scalar();
    run_test();
    run_test_const();
    run_test_subview();
    run_test_subview_strided();
    run_test_vector();

    TestViewOperator< T , device >::testit();
    TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight< int , device , 7 >::testit(2,3,4,2,3,4,2); 
    TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight< int , device , 6 >::testit(2,3,4,2,3,4); 
    TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight< int , device , 5 >::testit(2,3,4,2,3);
    TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight< int , device , 4 >::testit(2,3,4,2);
    TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight< int , device , 3 >::testit(2,3,4);
    TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight< int , device , 2 >::testit(2,3);
    TestViewOperator_LeftAndRight< int , device , 1 >::testit(2);
  }

  static void run_test_resize_realloc()
  {
    dView0 drv0("drv0", 10, 20, 30);
    ASSERT_EQ( drv0.rank(), 3);

    Kokkos::resize(drv0, 5, 10);
    ASSERT_EQ( drv0.rank(), 2);
    ASSERT_EQ( drv0.extent(0), 5);
    ASSERT_EQ( drv0.extent(1), 10);
    ASSERT_EQ( drv0.extent(2), 1);

    Kokkos::realloc(drv0, 10, 20);
    ASSERT_EQ( drv0.rank(), 2);
    ASSERT_EQ( drv0.extent(0), 10);
    ASSERT_EQ( drv0.extent(1), 20);
    ASSERT_EQ( drv0.extent(2), 1);

  }

  static void run_test_mirror()
  {
    typedef Kokkos::DynRankView< int , host_drv_space > view_type ;
    typedef typename view_type::HostMirror mirror_type ;
    view_type a("a");
    mirror_type am = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(a);
    mirror_type ax = Kokkos::create_mirror(a);
    ASSERT_EQ( & a() , & am() );
    ASSERT_EQ( a.rank() , am.rank() );
    ASSERT_EQ( ax.rank() , am.rank() );

    if (Kokkos::HostSpace::execution_space::is_initialized() )
    {
      Kokkos::DynRankView<double, Kokkos::LayoutLeft, Kokkos::HostSpace> a_h("A",1000);
      auto a_h2 = Kokkos::create_mirror(Kokkos::HostSpace(),a_h);
      auto a_d = Kokkos::create_mirror(typename device::memory_space(),a_h);

      int equal_ptr_h_h2  = (a_h.data() ==a_h2.data())?1:0;
      int equal_ptr_h_d   = (a_h.data() ==a_d. data())?1:0;
      int equal_ptr_h2_d  = (a_h2.data()==a_d. data())?1:0;

      ASSERT_EQ(equal_ptr_h_h2,0);
      ASSERT_EQ(equal_ptr_h_d ,0);
      ASSERT_EQ(equal_ptr_h2_d,0);
  
      ASSERT_EQ(a_h.extent(0),a_h2.extent(0));
      ASSERT_EQ(a_h.extent(0),a_d .extent(0));

      ASSERT_EQ(a_h.rank(),a_h2.rank());
      ASSERT_EQ(a_h.rank(),a_d.rank());
    }
    if (Kokkos::HostSpace::execution_space::is_initialized() )
    {
      Kokkos::DynRankView<double, Kokkos::LayoutRight, Kokkos::HostSpace> a_h("A",1000);
      auto a_h2 = Kokkos::create_mirror(Kokkos::HostSpace(),a_h);
      auto a_d = Kokkos::create_mirror(typename device::memory_space(),a_h);

      int equal_ptr_h_h2  = (a_h.data() ==a_h2.data())?1:0;
      int equal_ptr_h_d   = (a_h.data() ==a_d. data())?1:0;
      int equal_ptr_h2_d  = (a_h2.data()==a_d. data())?1:0;

      ASSERT_EQ(equal_ptr_h_h2,0);
      ASSERT_EQ(equal_ptr_h_d ,0);
      ASSERT_EQ(equal_ptr_h2_d,0);
  
      ASSERT_EQ(a_h.extent(0),a_h2.extent(0));
      ASSERT_EQ(a_h.extent(0),a_d .extent(0));

      ASSERT_EQ(a_h.rank(),a_h2.rank());
      ASSERT_EQ(a_h.rank(),a_d.rank());
    }

    if (Kokkos::HostSpace::execution_space::is_initialized() )
    {
      Kokkos::DynRankView<double, Kokkos::LayoutLeft, Kokkos::HostSpace> a_h("A",1000);
      auto a_h2 = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(Kokkos::HostSpace(),a_h);
      auto a_d = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(typename device::memory_space(),a_h);

      int equal_ptr_h_h2  = a_h.data() ==a_h2.data()?1:0;
      int equal_ptr_h_d   = a_h.data() ==a_d. data()?1:0;
      int equal_ptr_h2_d  = a_h2.data()==a_d. data()?1:0;

      int is_same_memspace = std::is_same<Kokkos::HostSpace,typename device::memory_space>::value?1:0;
      ASSERT_EQ(equal_ptr_h_h2,1);
      ASSERT_EQ(equal_ptr_h_d ,is_same_memspace);
      ASSERT_EQ(equal_ptr_h2_d ,is_same_memspace);

      ASSERT_EQ(a_h.extent(0),a_h2.extent(0));
      ASSERT_EQ(a_h.extent(0),a_d .extent(0));

      ASSERT_EQ(a_h.rank(),a_h2.rank());
      ASSERT_EQ(a_h.rank(),a_d.rank());
    }
    if (Kokkos::HostSpace::execution_space::is_initialized() )
    {
      Kokkos::DynRankView<double, Kokkos::LayoutRight, Kokkos::HostSpace> a_h("A",1000);
      auto a_h2 = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(Kokkos::HostSpace(),a_h);
      auto a_d = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(typename device::memory_space(),a_h);

      int equal_ptr_h_h2  = a_h.data() ==a_h2.data()?1:0;
      int equal_ptr_h_d   = a_h.data() ==a_d. data()?1:0;
      int equal_ptr_h2_d  = a_h2.data()==a_d. data()?1:0;

      int is_same_memspace = std::is_same<Kokkos::HostSpace,typename device::memory_space>::value?1:0;
      ASSERT_EQ(equal_ptr_h_h2,1);
      ASSERT_EQ(equal_ptr_h_d ,is_same_memspace);
      ASSERT_EQ(equal_ptr_h2_d ,is_same_memspace);

  
      ASSERT_EQ(a_h.extent(0),a_h2.extent(0));
      ASSERT_EQ(a_h.extent(0),a_d .extent(0));

      ASSERT_EQ(a_h.rank(),a_h2.rank());
      ASSERT_EQ(a_h.rank(),a_d.rank());
    }
    if (Kokkos::HostSpace::execution_space::is_initialized() )
    {
      typedef Kokkos::DynRankView< int , Kokkos::LayoutStride , Kokkos::HostSpace > view_stride_type ;
      unsigned order[] = { 6,5,4,3,2,1,0 }, dimen[] = { N0, N1, N2, 2, 2, 2, 2 }; //LayoutRight equivalent
      view_stride_type a_h( "a" , Kokkos::LayoutStride::order_dimensions(7, order, dimen) );
      auto a_h2 = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(Kokkos::HostSpace(),a_h);
      auto a_d = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(typename device::memory_space(),a_h);

      int equal_ptr_h_h2  = a_h.data() ==a_h2.data()?1:0;
      int equal_ptr_h_d   = a_h.data() ==a_d. data()?1:0;
      int equal_ptr_h2_d  = a_h2.data()==a_d. data()?1:0;

      int is_same_memspace = std::is_same<Kokkos::HostSpace,typename device::memory_space>::value?1:0;
      ASSERT_EQ(equal_ptr_h_h2,1);
      ASSERT_EQ(equal_ptr_h_d ,is_same_memspace);
      ASSERT_EQ(equal_ptr_h2_d ,is_same_memspace);

      ASSERT_EQ(a_h.extent(0),a_h2.extent(0));
      ASSERT_EQ(a_h.extent(0),a_d .extent(0));

      ASSERT_EQ(a_h.rank(),a_h2.rank());
      ASSERT_EQ(a_h.rank(),a_d.rank());
    }
  }

  static void run_test_scalar()
  {
    typedef typename dView0::HostMirror  hView0 ; //HostMirror of DynRankView is a DynRankView

    dView0 dx , dy ;
    hView0 hx , hy ;

    dx = dView0( "dx" );
    dy = dView0( "dy" );

    hx = Kokkos::create_mirror( dx );
    hy = Kokkos::create_mirror( dy );

    hx() = 1 ;

    Kokkos::deep_copy( dx , hx );
    Kokkos::deep_copy( dy , dx );
    Kokkos::deep_copy( hy , dy );

    ASSERT_EQ( hx(), hy() );
    ASSERT_EQ( dx.rank() , hx.rank() );
    ASSERT_EQ( dy.rank() , hy.rank() );

  //View - DynRankView Interoperability tests
  // deep_copy DynRankView to View
    View0 vx("vx");
    Kokkos::deep_copy( vx , dx );
    ASSERT_EQ( rank(dx) , rank(vx) );

    View0 vy("vy");
    Kokkos::deep_copy( vy , dy );
    ASSERT_EQ( rank(dy) , rank(vy) );

  // deep_copy View to DynRankView 
    dView0 dxx("dxx");
    Kokkos::deep_copy( dxx , vx );
    ASSERT_EQ( rank(dxx) , rank(vx) );


    View7 vcast = dx.ConstDownCast();
    ASSERT_EQ( dx.extent(0) , vcast.extent(0) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dx.extent(1) , vcast.extent(1) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dx.extent(2) , vcast.extent(2) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dx.extent(3) , vcast.extent(3) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dx.extent(4) , vcast.extent(4) );

    View7 vcast1( dy.ConstDownCast() );
    ASSERT_EQ( dy.extent(0) , vcast1.extent(0) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dy.extent(1) , vcast1.extent(1) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dy.extent(2) , vcast1.extent(2) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dy.extent(3) , vcast1.extent(3) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dy.extent(4) , vcast1.extent(4) );

  //View - DynRankView Interoperability tests
  // copy View to DynRankView
    dView0 dfromvx( vx );
    auto hmx = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(dfromvx) ;
    Kokkos::deep_copy(hmx , dfromvx);
    auto hvx = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(vx) ;
    Kokkos::deep_copy(hvx , vx);
    ASSERT_EQ( rank(hvx) , rank(hmx) );
    ASSERT_EQ( hvx.extent(0) , hmx.extent(0) );
    ASSERT_EQ( hvx.extent(1) , hmx.extent(1) );

  // copy-assign View to DynRankView
    dView0 dfromvy = vy ;
    auto hmy = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(dfromvy) ;
    Kokkos::deep_copy(hmy , dfromvy);
    auto hvy = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(vy) ;
    Kokkos::deep_copy(hvy , vy);
    ASSERT_EQ( rank(hvy) , rank(hmy) );
    ASSERT_EQ( hvy.extent(0) , hmy.extent(0) );
    ASSERT_EQ( hvy.extent(1) , hmy.extent(1) );


    View7 vtest1("vtest1",2,2,2,2,2,2,2);
    dView0 dfromv1( vtest1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dfromv1.rank() , vtest1.Rank );
    ASSERT_EQ( dfromv1.extent(0) , vtest1.extent(0) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dfromv1.extent(1) , vtest1.extent(1) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dfromv1.use_count() , vtest1.use_count() );

    dView0 dfromv2( vcast );
    ASSERT_EQ( dfromv2.rank() , vcast.Rank );
    ASSERT_EQ( dfromv2.extent(0) , vcast.extent(0) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dfromv2.extent(1) , vcast.extent(1) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dfromv2.use_count() , vcast.use_count() );

    dView0 dfromv3 = vcast1;
    ASSERT_EQ( dfromv3.rank() , vcast1.Rank );
    ASSERT_EQ( dfromv3.extent(0) , vcast1.extent(0) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dfromv3.extent(1) , vcast1.extent(1) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dfromv3.use_count() , vcast1.use_count() );
  }

  static void run_test()
  {
    // mfh 14 Feb 2014: This test doesn't actually create instances of
    // these types.  In order to avoid "declared but unused typedef"
    // warnings, we declare empty instances of these types, with the
    // usual "(void)" marker to avoid compiler warnings for unused
    // variables.

    typedef typename dView0::HostMirror  hView0 ;

    {
      hView0 thing;
      (void) thing;
    }

    dView0 d_uninitialized(Kokkos::ViewAllocateWithoutInitializing("uninit"),10,20);
    ASSERT_TRUE( d_uninitialized.data() != nullptr );
    ASSERT_EQ( d_uninitialized.rank() , 2 );
    ASSERT_EQ( d_uninitialized.extent(0) , 10 );
    ASSERT_EQ( d_uninitialized.extent(1) , 20 );
    ASSERT_EQ( d_uninitialized.extent(2) , 1  );

    dView0 dx , dy , dz ;
    hView0 hx , hy , hz ;

    ASSERT_TRUE( Kokkos::is_dyn_rank_view<dView0>::value );
    ASSERT_FALSE( Kokkos::is_dyn_rank_view< Kokkos::View<double> >::value );

    ASSERT_TRUE( dx.ptr_on_device() == 0 ); //Okay with UVM
    ASSERT_TRUE( dy.ptr_on_device() == 0 );  //Okay with UVM
    ASSERT_TRUE( dz.ptr_on_device() == 0 ); //Okay with UVM
    ASSERT_TRUE( hx.ptr_on_device() == 0 );
    ASSERT_TRUE( hy.ptr_on_device() == 0 );
    ASSERT_TRUE( hz.ptr_on_device() == 0 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dx.extent(0) , 0u ); //Okay with UVM
    ASSERT_EQ( dy.extent(0) , 0u ); //Okay with UVM
    ASSERT_EQ( dz.extent(0) , 0u ); //Okay with UVM
    ASSERT_EQ( hx.extent(0) , 0u );
    ASSERT_EQ( hy.extent(0) , 0u );
    ASSERT_EQ( hz.extent(0) , 0u );
    ASSERT_EQ( dx.rank() , 0u ); //Okay with UVM
    ASSERT_EQ( hx.rank() , 0u );

    dx = dView0( "dx" , N1 , N2 , N3 );
    dy = dView0( "dy" , N1 , N2 , N3 );

    hx = hView0( "hx" , N1 , N2 , N3 );
    hy = hView0( "hy" , N1 , N2 , N3 );

    ASSERT_EQ( dx.extent(0) , unsigned(N1) ); //Okay with UVM
    ASSERT_EQ( dy.extent(0) , unsigned(N1) ); //Okay with UVM
    ASSERT_EQ( hx.extent(0) , unsigned(N1) );
    ASSERT_EQ( hy.extent(0) , unsigned(N1) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dx.rank() , 3 ); //Okay with UVM
    ASSERT_EQ( hx.rank() , 3 );

    dx = dView0( "dx" , N0 , N1 , N2 , N3 );
    dy = dView0( "dy" , N0 , N1 , N2 , N3 );
    hx = hView0( "hx" , N0 , N1 , N2 , N3 );
    hy = hView0( "hy" , N0 , N1 , N2 , N3 );

    ASSERT_EQ( dx.extent(0) , unsigned(N0) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dy.extent(0) , unsigned(N0) );
    ASSERT_EQ( hx.extent(0) , unsigned(N0) );
    ASSERT_EQ( hy.extent(0) , unsigned(N0) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dx.rank() , 4 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dy.rank() , 4 );
    ASSERT_EQ( hx.rank() , 4 );
    ASSERT_EQ( hy.rank() , 4 );

    ASSERT_EQ( dx.use_count() , size_t(1) );

    dView0_unmanaged unmanaged_dx = dx;
    ASSERT_EQ( dx.use_count() , size_t(1) );


    dView0_unmanaged unmanaged_from_ptr_dx = dView0_unmanaged(dx.ptr_on_device(),
                                                              dx.extent(0),
                                                              dx.extent(1),
                                                              dx.extent(2),
                                                              dx.extent(3));


    {
      // Destruction of this view should be harmless
      const_dView0 unmanaged_from_ptr_const_dx( dx.ptr_on_device() ,
                                                dx.extent(0) ,
                                                dx.extent(1) ,
                                                dx.extent(2) ,
                                                dx.extent(3) );
    }

    const_dView0 const_dx = dx ;
    ASSERT_EQ( dx.use_count() , size_t(2) );

    {
      const_dView0 const_dx2;
      const_dx2 = const_dx;
      ASSERT_EQ( dx.use_count() , size_t(3) );

      const_dx2 = dy;
      ASSERT_EQ( dx.use_count() , size_t(2) );

      const_dView0 const_dx3(dx);
      ASSERT_EQ( dx.use_count() , size_t(3) );
      
      dView0_unmanaged dx4_unmanaged(dx);
      ASSERT_EQ( dx.use_count() , size_t(3) );
    }

    ASSERT_EQ( dx.use_count() , size_t(2) );


    ASSERT_FALSE( dx.ptr_on_device() == 0 );
    ASSERT_FALSE( const_dx.ptr_on_device() == 0 );
    ASSERT_FALSE( unmanaged_dx.ptr_on_device() == 0 );
    ASSERT_FALSE( unmanaged_from_ptr_dx.ptr_on_device() == 0 );
    ASSERT_FALSE( dy.ptr_on_device() == 0 );
    ASSERT_NE( dx , dy );

    ASSERT_EQ( dx.extent(0) , unsigned(N0) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dx.extent(1) , unsigned(N1) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dx.extent(2) , unsigned(N2) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dx.extent(3) , unsigned(N3) );

    ASSERT_EQ( dy.extent(0) , unsigned(N0) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dy.extent(1) , unsigned(N1) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dy.extent(2) , unsigned(N2) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dy.extent(3) , unsigned(N3) );

    ASSERT_EQ( unmanaged_from_ptr_dx.capacity(),unsigned(N0)*unsigned(N1)*unsigned(N2)*unsigned(N3) );

    hx = Kokkos::create_mirror( dx );
    hy = Kokkos::create_mirror( dy );

    ASSERT_EQ( hx.rank() , dx.rank() );
    ASSERT_EQ( hy.rank() , dy.rank() );

    ASSERT_EQ( hx.extent(0) , unsigned(N0) );
    ASSERT_EQ( hx.extent(1) , unsigned(N1) );
    ASSERT_EQ( hx.extent(2) , unsigned(N2) );
    ASSERT_EQ( hx.extent(3) , unsigned(N3) );

    ASSERT_EQ( hy.extent(0) , unsigned(N0) );
    ASSERT_EQ( hy.extent(1) , unsigned(N1) );
    ASSERT_EQ( hy.extent(2) , unsigned(N2) );
    ASSERT_EQ( hy.extent(3) , unsigned(N3) );

    // T v1 = hx() ;    // Generates compile error as intended
    // T v2 = hx(0,0) ; // Generates compile error as intended
    // hx(0,0) = v2 ;   // Generates compile error as intended

#if 0 /* Asynchronous deep copies not implemented for dynamic rank view */
    // Testing with asynchronous deep copy with respect to device
    {
      size_t count = 0 ;
      for ( size_t ip = 0 ; ip < N0 ; ++ip ) {
      for ( size_t i1 = 0 ; i1 < hx.extent(1) ; ++i1 ) {
      for ( size_t i2 = 0 ; i2 < hx.extent(2) ; ++i2 ) {
      for ( size_t i3 = 0 ; i3 < hx.extent(3) ; ++i3 ) {
        hx(ip,i1,i2,i3) = ++count ;
      }}}}


      Kokkos::deep_copy(typename hView0::execution_space(), dx , hx );
      Kokkos::deep_copy(typename hView0::execution_space(), dy , dx );
      Kokkos::deep_copy(typename hView0::execution_space(), hy , dy );

      for ( size_t ip = 0 ; ip < N0 ; ++ip ) {
      for ( size_t i1 = 0 ; i1 < N1 ; ++i1 ) {
      for ( size_t i2 = 0 ; i2 < N2 ; ++i2 ) {
      for ( size_t i3 = 0 ; i3 < N3 ; ++i3 ) {
        { ASSERT_EQ( hx(ip,i1,i2,i3) , hy(ip,i1,i2,i3) ); }
      }}}}

      Kokkos::deep_copy(typename hView0::execution_space(), dx , T(0) );
      Kokkos::deep_copy(typename hView0::execution_space(), hx , dx );

      for ( size_t ip = 0 ; ip < N0 ; ++ip ) {
      for ( size_t i1 = 0 ; i1 < N1 ; ++i1 ) {
      for ( size_t i2 = 0 ; i2 < N2 ; ++i2 ) {
      for ( size_t i3 = 0 ; i3 < N3 ; ++i3 ) {
        { ASSERT_EQ( hx(ip,i1,i2,i3) , T(0) ); }
      }}}}
    }

    // Testing with asynchronous deep copy with respect to host
    {
      size_t count = 0 ;
      for ( size_t ip = 0 ; ip < N0 ; ++ip ) {
      for ( size_t i1 = 0 ; i1 < hx.extent(1) ; ++i1 ) {
      for ( size_t i2 = 0 ; i2 < hx.extent(2) ; ++i2 ) {
      for ( size_t i3 = 0 ; i3 < hx.extent(3) ; ++i3 ) {
        hx(ip,i1,i2,i3) = ++count ;
      }}}}

      Kokkos::deep_copy(typename dView0::execution_space(), dx , hx );
      Kokkos::deep_copy(typename dView0::execution_space(), dy , dx );
      Kokkos::deep_copy(typename dView0::execution_space(), hy , dy );

      for ( size_t ip = 0 ; ip < N0 ; ++ip ) {
      for ( size_t i1 = 0 ; i1 < N1 ; ++i1 ) {
      for ( size_t i2 = 0 ; i2 < N2 ; ++i2 ) {
      for ( size_t i3 = 0 ; i3 < N3 ; ++i3 ) {
        { ASSERT_EQ( hx(ip,i1,i2,i3) , hy(ip,i1,i2,i3) ); }
      }}}}

      Kokkos::deep_copy(typename dView0::execution_space(), dx , T(0) );
      Kokkos::deep_copy(typename dView0::execution_space(), hx , dx );

      for ( size_t ip = 0 ; ip < N0 ; ++ip ) {
      for ( size_t i1 = 0 ; i1 < N1 ; ++i1 ) {
      for ( size_t i2 = 0 ; i2 < N2 ; ++i2 ) {
      for ( size_t i3 = 0 ; i3 < N3 ; ++i3 ) {
        { ASSERT_EQ( hx(ip,i1,i2,i3) , T(0) ); }
      }}}}
    }
#endif

    // Testing with synchronous deep copy
    {
      size_t count = 0 ;
      for ( size_t ip = 0 ; ip < N0 ; ++ip ) {
      for ( size_t i1 = 0 ; i1 < hx.extent(1) ; ++i1 ) {
      for ( size_t i2 = 0 ; i2 < hx.extent(2) ; ++i2 ) {
      for ( size_t i3 = 0 ; i3 < hx.extent(3) ; ++i3 ) {
        hx(ip,i1,i2,i3) = ++count ;
      }}}}

      Kokkos::deep_copy( dx , hx );
      Kokkos::deep_copy( dy , dx );
      Kokkos::deep_copy( hy , dy );

      for ( size_t ip = 0 ; ip < N0 ; ++ip ) {
      for ( size_t i1 = 0 ; i1 < N1 ; ++i1 ) {
      for ( size_t i2 = 0 ; i2 < N2 ; ++i2 ) {
      for ( size_t i3 = 0 ; i3 < N3 ; ++i3 ) {
        { ASSERT_EQ( hx(ip,i1,i2,i3) , hy(ip,i1,i2,i3) ); }
      }}}}

      Kokkos::deep_copy( dx , T(0) );
      Kokkos::deep_copy( hx , dx );

      for ( size_t ip = 0 ; ip < N0 ; ++ip ) {
      for ( size_t i1 = 0 ; i1 < N1 ; ++i1 ) {
      for ( size_t i2 = 0 ; i2 < N2 ; ++i2 ) {
      for ( size_t i3 = 0 ; i3 < N3 ; ++i3 ) {
        { ASSERT_EQ( hx(ip,i1,i2,i3) , T(0) ); }
      }}}}
//    ASSERT_EQ( hx(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0) , T(0) ); //Test rank8 op behaves properly - if implemented
    }

    dz = dx ; ASSERT_EQ( dx, dz); ASSERT_NE( dy, dz);
    dz = dy ; ASSERT_EQ( dy, dz); ASSERT_NE( dx, dz);

    dx = dView0();
    ASSERT_TRUE( dx.ptr_on_device() == 0 );
    ASSERT_FALSE( dy.ptr_on_device() == 0 );
    ASSERT_FALSE( dz.ptr_on_device() == 0 );
    dy = dView0();
    ASSERT_TRUE( dx.ptr_on_device() == 0 );
    ASSERT_TRUE( dy.ptr_on_device() == 0 );
    ASSERT_FALSE( dz.ptr_on_device() == 0 );
    dz = dView0();
    ASSERT_TRUE( dx.ptr_on_device() == 0 );
    ASSERT_TRUE( dy.ptr_on_device() == 0 );
    ASSERT_TRUE( dz.ptr_on_device() == 0 );

  //View - DynRankView Interoperability tests
    // deep_copy from view to dynrankview
    const int testdim = 4;
    dView0 dxx("dxx",testdim);
    View1  vxx("vxx",testdim);
    auto hvxx = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(vxx); 
    for (int i = 0; i < testdim; ++i)
      { hvxx(i) = i; }
    Kokkos::deep_copy(vxx,hvxx);
    Kokkos::deep_copy(dxx,vxx);
    auto hdxx = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(dxx);
    Kokkos::deep_copy(hdxx,dxx);
    for (int i = 0; i < testdim; ++i)
      { ASSERT_EQ( hvxx(i) , hdxx(i) ); }

    ASSERT_EQ( rank(hdxx) , rank(hvxx) );
    ASSERT_EQ( hdxx.extent(0) , testdim );
    ASSERT_EQ( hdxx.extent(0) , hvxx.extent(0) );

    // deep_copy from dynrankview to view
    View1 vdxx("vdxx",testdim);
    auto hvdxx = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(vdxx);
    Kokkos::deep_copy(hvdxx , hdxx);
    ASSERT_EQ( rank(hdxx) , rank(hvdxx) );
    ASSERT_EQ( hvdxx.extent(0) , testdim );
    ASSERT_EQ( hdxx.extent(0) , hvdxx.extent(0) );
    for (int i = 0; i < testdim; ++i)
      { ASSERT_EQ( hvxx(i) , hvdxx(i) ); }
  }

  typedef T DataType ;

  static void
  check_auto_conversion_to_const(
     const Kokkos::DynRankView< const DataType , device > & arg_const ,
     const Kokkos::DynRankView< DataType , device > & arg )
  {
    ASSERT_TRUE( arg_const == arg );
  }

  static void run_test_const()
  {
    typedef Kokkos::DynRankView< DataType , device > typeX ;
    typedef Kokkos::DynRankView< const DataType , device > const_typeX ;
    typedef Kokkos::DynRankView< const DataType , device , Kokkos::MemoryRandomAccess > const_typeR ;
    typeX x( "X", 2 );
    const_typeX xc = x ;
    const_typeR xr = x ;

    ASSERT_TRUE( xc == x );
    ASSERT_TRUE( x == xc );

    // For CUDA the constant random access View does not return
    // an lvalue reference due to retrieving through texture cache
    // therefore not allowed to query the underlying pointer.
#if defined(KOKKOS_ENABLE_CUDA)
    if ( ! std::is_same< typename device::execution_space , Kokkos::Cuda >::value )
#endif
    {
      ASSERT_TRUE( x.ptr_on_device() == xr.ptr_on_device() );
    }

    // typeX xf = xc ; // setting non-const from const must not compile

    check_auto_conversion_to_const( x , x );
  }


  static void run_test_subview()
  {
    typedef Kokkos::DynRankView< const T , device > cdView ;
    typedef Kokkos::DynRankView< T , device > dView ;
  // LayoutStride required for all returned DynRankView subdynrankview's
    typedef Kokkos::DynRankView< T , Kokkos::LayoutStride , device > sdView ; 

    dView0 d0( "d0" );
    cdView s0 = d0 ;

  //  N0 = 1000,N1 = 3,N2 = 5,N3 = 7 
    unsigned order[] = { 6,5,4,3,2,1,0 }, dimen[] = { N0, N1, N2, 2, 2, 2, 2 }; //LayoutRight equivalent
    sdView d7( "d7" , Kokkos::LayoutStride::order_dimensions(7, order, dimen) );
    ASSERT_EQ( d7.rank() , 7 );

    sdView ds0 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( d7 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 ); 
    ASSERT_EQ( ds0.rank() , 0 );

//Basic test - ALL
    sdView dsALL = Kokkos::subdynrankview( d7 , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() ); 
    ASSERT_EQ( dsALL.rank() , 7 );

//  Send a value to final rank returning rank 6 subview
    sdView dsm1 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( d7 , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , 1 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dsm1.rank() , 6 );

//  Send a std::pair as argument to a rank
    sdView dssp = Kokkos::subdynrankview( d7 , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , std::pair<unsigned,unsigned>(1,2) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dssp.rank() , 7 );

//  Send a kokkos::pair as argument to a rank; take default layout as input
    dView0 dd0("dd0" , N0 , N1 , N2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 ); //default layout
    ASSERT_EQ( dd0.rank() , 7 );
    sdView dtkp = Kokkos::subdynrankview( dd0 , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::pair<unsigned,unsigned>(0,1) );
    ASSERT_EQ( dtkp.rank() , 7 );

// Return rank 7 subview, taking a pair as one argument, layout stride input
    sdView ds7 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( d7 , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::pair<unsigned,unsigned>(0,1) );
    ASSERT_EQ( ds7.rank() , 7 );

// Default Layout DynRankView
    dView dv6("dv6" , N0 , N1 , N2 , N3 , 2 , 2 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dv6.rank() , 6 );

// DynRankView with LayoutRight
    typedef Kokkos::DynRankView< T , Kokkos::LayoutRight , device > drView ;
    drView dr5( "dr5" , N0 , N1 , N2 , 2 , 2 );
    ASSERT_EQ( dr5.rank() , 5 );

// LayoutStride but arranged as LayoutRight
  // NOTE: unused arg_layout dimensions must be set to ~size_t(0) so that 
  //  rank deduction can properly take place
    unsigned order5[] = { 4,3,2,1,0 }, dimen5[] = { N0, N1, N2, 2, 2 };
    Kokkos::LayoutStride ls = Kokkos::LayoutStride::order_dimensions(5, order5, dimen5);
    ls.dimension[5] = ~size_t(0);
    ls.dimension[6] = ~size_t(0);
    ls.dimension[7] = ~size_t(0);
    sdView d5("d5", ls);
    ASSERT_EQ( d5.rank() , 5 );

//  LayoutStride arranged as LayoutRight - commented out as example that fails unit test
//    unsigned order5[] = { 4,3,2,1,0 }, dimen5[] = { N0, N1, N2, 2, 2 };
//    sdView d5( "d5" , Kokkos::LayoutStride::order_dimensions(5, order5, dimen5) );
//
//  Fails the following unit test:
//    ASSERT_EQ( d5.rank() , dr5.rank() );
//
//  Explanation: In construction of the Kokkos::LayoutStride below, since the 
//   remaining dimensions are not specified, they will default to values of 0 
//   rather than ~size_t(0). 
//  When passed to the DynRankView constructor the default dimensions (of 0) 
//   will be counted toward the dynamic rank and returning an incorrect value 
//   (i.e. rank 7 rather than 5).

// Check LayoutRight dr5 and LayoutStride d5 dimensions agree (as they should) 
    ASSERT_EQ( d5.extent(0) , dr5.extent(0) );
    ASSERT_EQ( d5.extent(1) , dr5.extent(1) );
    ASSERT_EQ( d5.extent(2) , dr5.extent(2) );
    ASSERT_EQ( d5.extent(3) , dr5.extent(3) );
    ASSERT_EQ( d5.extent(4) , dr5.extent(4) );
    ASSERT_EQ( d5.extent(5) , dr5.extent(5) );
    ASSERT_EQ( d5.rank() , dr5.rank() );

// Rank 5 subview of rank 5 dynamic rank view, layout stride input
    sdView ds5 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( d5 , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::pair<unsigned,unsigned>(0,1) );
    ASSERT_EQ( ds5.rank() , 5 );

// Pass in extra ALL arguments beyond the rank of the DynRank View.
// This behavior is allowed - ignore the extra ALL arguments when
//  the src.rank() < number of arguments, but be careful!
    sdView ds5plus = Kokkos::subdynrankview( d5 , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::pair<unsigned,unsigned>(0,1) , Kokkos::ALL() );

    ASSERT_EQ( ds5.rank() , ds5plus.rank() );
    ASSERT_EQ( ds5.extent(0) , ds5plus.extent(0) );
    ASSERT_EQ( ds5.extent(4) , ds5plus.extent(4) );
    ASSERT_EQ( ds5.extent(5) , ds5plus.extent(5) );

#if ! defined( KOKKOS_ENABLE_CUDA ) || defined ( KOKKOS_ENABLE_CUDA_UVM )
    ASSERT_EQ( & ds5(1,1,1,1,0) - & ds5plus(1,1,1,1,0) , 0 );
    ASSERT_EQ( & ds5(1,1,1,1,0,0) - & ds5plus(1,1,1,1,0,0) , 0 );  // passing argument to rank beyond the view's rank is allowed iff it is a 0. 
#endif

// Similar test to rank 5 above, but create rank 4 subview
// Check that the rank contracts (ds4 and ds4plus) and that subdynrankview can accept extra args (ds4plus)
    sdView ds4 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( d5 , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , 0 );
    sdView ds4plus = Kokkos::subdynrankview( d5 , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , Kokkos::ALL() , 0 , Kokkos::ALL() );

    ASSERT_EQ( ds4.rank() , ds4plus.rank() );
    ASSERT_EQ( ds4.rank() , 4 );
    ASSERT_EQ( ds4.extent(0) , ds4plus.extent(0) );
    ASSERT_EQ( ds4.extent(4) , ds4plus.extent(4) );
    ASSERT_EQ( ds4.extent(5) , ds4plus.extent(5) );
  }

  static void run_test_subview_strided()
  {
    typedef Kokkos::DynRankView < int , Kokkos::LayoutLeft , host_drv_space > drview_left ;
    typedef Kokkos::DynRankView < int , Kokkos::LayoutRight , host_drv_space > drview_right ;
    typedef Kokkos::DynRankView < int , Kokkos::LayoutStride , host_drv_space > drview_stride ;

    drview_left  xl2( "xl2", 100 , 200 );
    drview_right xr2( "xr2", 100 , 200 );
    drview_stride yl1 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( xl2 , 0 , Kokkos::ALL() );
    drview_stride yl2 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( xl2 , 1 , Kokkos::ALL() );
    drview_stride ys1 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( xr2 , 0 , Kokkos::ALL() );
    drview_stride ys2 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( xr2 , 1 , Kokkos::ALL() );
    drview_stride yr1 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( xr2 , 0 , Kokkos::ALL() );
    drview_stride yr2 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( xr2 , 1 , Kokkos::ALL() );

    ASSERT_EQ( yl1.extent(0) , xl2.extent(1) );
    ASSERT_EQ( yl2.extent(0) , xl2.extent(1) );

    ASSERT_EQ( yr1.extent(0) , xr2.extent(1) );
    ASSERT_EQ( yr2.extent(0) , xr2.extent(1) );

    ASSERT_EQ( & yl1(0) - & xl2(0,0) , 0 );
    ASSERT_EQ( & yl2(0) - & xl2(1,0) , 0 );
    ASSERT_EQ( & yr1(0) - & xr2(0,0) , 0 );
    ASSERT_EQ( & yr2(0) - & xr2(1,0) , 0 );


    drview_left  xl4( "xl4", 10 , 20 , 30 , 40 );
    drview_right xr4( "xr4", 10 , 20 , 30 , 40 );

    //Replace subdynrankview with subview - test
    drview_stride yl4 = Kokkos::subview( xl4 , 1 , Kokkos::ALL() , 2 , Kokkos::ALL() );
    drview_stride yr4 = Kokkos::subview( xr4 , 1 , Kokkos::ALL() , 2 , Kokkos::ALL() );

    ASSERT_EQ( yl4.extent(0) , xl4.extent(1) );
    ASSERT_EQ( yl4.extent(1) , xl4.extent(3) );
    ASSERT_EQ( yr4.extent(0) , xr4.extent(1) );
    ASSERT_EQ( yr4.extent(1) , xr4.extent(3) );
    ASSERT_EQ( yl4.rank() , 2);
    ASSERT_EQ( yr4.rank() , 2);

    ASSERT_EQ( & yl4(4,4) - & xl4(1,4,2,4) , 0 );
    ASSERT_EQ( & yr4(4,4) - & xr4(1,4,2,4) , 0 );
  }

  static void run_test_vector()
  {
    static const unsigned Length = 1000 , Count = 8 ;

    typedef typename Kokkos::DynRankView< T , Kokkos::LayoutLeft , host_drv_space > multivector_type ; 

    typedef typename Kokkos::DynRankView< T , Kokkos::LayoutRight , host_drv_space > multivector_right_type ;

    multivector_type mv = multivector_type( "mv" , Length , Count );
    multivector_right_type mv_right = multivector_right_type( "mv" , Length , Count );

    typedef typename Kokkos::DynRankView< T , Kokkos::LayoutStride , host_drv_space > svector_type ;
    typedef typename Kokkos::DynRankView< T , Kokkos::LayoutStride , host_drv_space > smultivector_type ;
    typedef typename Kokkos::DynRankView< const T , Kokkos::LayoutStride , host_drv_space > const_svector_right_type ; 
    typedef typename Kokkos::DynRankView< const T , Kokkos::LayoutStride , host_drv_space > const_svector_type ;
    typedef typename Kokkos::DynRankView< const T , Kokkos::LayoutStride , host_drv_space > const_smultivector_type ;

    svector_type v1 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( mv , Kokkos::ALL() , 0 );
    svector_type v2 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( mv , Kokkos::ALL() , 1 );
    svector_type v3 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( mv , Kokkos::ALL() , 2 );

    svector_type rv1 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( mv_right , 0 , Kokkos::ALL() );
    svector_type rv2 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( mv_right , 1 , Kokkos::ALL() );
    svector_type rv3 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( mv_right , 2 , Kokkos::ALL() );

    smultivector_type mv1 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( mv , std::make_pair( 1 , 998 ) ,
                                                 std::make_pair( 2 , 5 ) );

    smultivector_type mvr1 =
      Kokkos::subdynrankview( mv_right ,
                       std::make_pair( 1 , 998 ) ,
                       std::make_pair( 2 , 5 ) );

    const_svector_type cv1 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( mv , Kokkos::ALL(), 0 );
    const_svector_type cv2 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( mv , Kokkos::ALL(), 1 );
    const_svector_type cv3 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( mv , Kokkos::ALL(), 2 );

    svector_type vr1 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( mv , Kokkos::ALL() , 0 );
    svector_type vr2 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( mv , Kokkos::ALL() , 1 );
    svector_type vr3 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( mv , Kokkos::ALL() , 2 );

    const_svector_right_type cvr1 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( mv , Kokkos::ALL() , 0 );
    const_svector_right_type cvr2 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( mv , Kokkos::ALL() , 1 );
    const_svector_right_type cvr3 = Kokkos::subdynrankview( mv , Kokkos::ALL() , 2 );


    ASSERT_TRUE( & v1[0] == & v1(0) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( & v1[0] == & mv(0,0) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( & v2[0] == & mv(0,1) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( & v3[0] == & mv(0,2) );

    ASSERT_TRUE( & cv1[0] == & mv(0,0) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( & cv2[0] == & mv(0,1) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( & cv3[0] == & mv(0,2) );

    ASSERT_TRUE( & vr1[0] == & mv(0,0) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( & vr2[0] == & mv(0,1) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( & vr3[0] == & mv(0,2) );

    ASSERT_TRUE( & cvr1[0] == & mv(0,0) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( & cvr2[0] == & mv(0,1) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( & cvr3[0] == & mv(0,2) );


    ASSERT_TRUE( & mv1(0,0) == & mv( 1 , 2 ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( & mv1(1,1) == & mv( 2 , 3 ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( & mv1(3,2) == & mv( 4 , 4 ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( & mvr1(0,0) == & mv_right( 1 , 2 ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( & mvr1(1,1) == & mv_right( 2 , 3 ) );
    ASSERT_TRUE( & mvr1(3,2) == & mv_right( 4 , 4 ) );

    const_svector_type c_cv1( v1 );
    typename svector_type::const_type c_cv2( v2 );
    typename const_svector_type::const_type c_ccv2( v2 );


    const_smultivector_type cmv( mv );
    typename smultivector_type::const_type cmvX( cmv );
    typename const_smultivector_type::const_type ccmvX( cmv );
  }
};

} // namespace Test

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

