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Gyoto::Astrobj::UniformSphere Class Referenceabstract

Optically thick or thin, spherical objects. More...

#include <GyotoUniformSphere.h>

Inheritance diagram for Gyoto::Astrobj::UniformSphere:
Gyoto::Astrobj::Standard Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic Gyoto::Functor::Double_constDoubleArray Gyoto::SmartPointee Gyoto::Astrobj::FixedStar Gyoto::Astrobj::Star Gyoto::Astrobj::StarTrace

Public Member Functions

 UniformSphere (std::string kind, SmartPointer< Metric::Generic > gg, double radius)
 Standard constructor. More...
 
 UniformSphere (std::string kind)
 Default constructor. More...
 
 UniformSphere (const UniformSphere &orig)
 Copy constructor.
 
virtual ~UniformSphere ()
 Destructor.
 
virtual std::string className () const
 "UniformSphere"
 
virtual std::string className_l () const
 "uniformsphere"
 
virtual void spectrum (SmartPointer< Spectrum::Generic >)
 Set spectrum_.
 
virtual SmartPointer
< Spectrum::Generic
spectrum () const
 Get spectrum_.
 
virtual void opacity (SmartPointer< Spectrum::Generic >)
 Set opacity_.
 
virtual SmartPointer
< Spectrum::Generic
opacity () const
 Get opacity_.
 
double radius () const
 Get radius_ in geometrical units.
 
virtual void radius (double)
 Set radius_ in geometrical units.
 
double radius (std::string) const
 Get radius_ in specified unit.
 
virtual void radius (double, std::string)
 Set radius_ in specified unit.
 
double deltaMaxOverRadius ()
 Get dltmor_.
 
virtual void deltaMaxOverRadius (double f)
 Set dltmor_.
 
double deltaMaxOverDistance ()
 Get dltmod_.
 
virtual void deltaMaxOverDistance (double f)
 Set dltmod_.
 
virtual int setParameter (std::string name, std::string content, std::string unit)
 Set parameter by name. More...
 
virtual void fillElement (FactoryMessenger *fmp) const
 Fill the generic XML bits. More...
 
virtual void setParameters (FactoryMessenger *fmp)
 Interpret common XML sections. More...
 
virtual double operator() (double const coord[4])
 Square distance to the center of the sphere. More...
 
virtual double deltaMax (double *coord)
 
virtual void setSafetyValue (double val)
 Set Standard::safety_value_.
 
virtual double getSafetyValue () const
 Get Standard::safety_value_.
 
virtual int Impact (Gyoto::Photon *ph, size_t index, Astrobj::Properties *data=NULL)
 Does a photon at these coordinates impact the object? More...
 
virtual double operator() (double const data[])=0
 The actual function.
 
virtual double giveDelta (double coord[8])
 Maximum δ inside object. More...
 
virtual Genericclone () const =0
 Cloner. More...
 
virtual SmartPointer
< Metric::Generic
metric () const
 Get the Metric gg_.
 
virtual void metric (SmartPointer< Metric::Generic >)
 Set the Metric gg_.
 
virtual double rMax ()
 Get maximal distance from center of coordinate system. More...
 
virtual double rMax (std::string unit)
 Get rmax_ is specified unit. More...
 
virtual void rMax (double val)
 Set maximal distance from center of coordinate system. More...
 
virtual void rMax (double val, std::string unit)
 Set maximal distance from center of coordinate system. More...
 
virtual double deltaMax (double coord[8])
 Get max step constraint for adaptive integration. More...
 
const std::string kind () const
 Get the kind of the Astrobj (e.g. "Star")
 
virtual void unsetRmax ()
 Set rmax_set_ to 0. More...
 
void opticallyThin (int flag)
 Set whether the object is optically thin. More...
 
int opticallyThin () const
 Query whether object is optically thin. More...
 
virtual Quantity_t getDefaultQuantities ()
 Which quantities to compute if know was requested. More...
 
virtual void emission (double Inu[], double nu_em[], size_t nbnu, double dsem, double coord_ph[8], double coord_obj[8]=NULL) const
 Specific intensity Iν for several values of νem More...
 
virtual void integrateEmission (double *I, double const *boundaries, size_t const *chaninds, size_t nbnu, double dsem, double *cph, double *co) const
 ν1ν2 Iν dν (or jν) More...
 
virtual double transmission (double nuem, double dsem, double coord[8]) const
 Transmission: exp( αν * dsem ) More...
 

Protected Types

typedef Gyoto::SmartPointer
< Gyoto::SmartPointee
Subcontractor_t (Gyoto::FactoryMessenger *)
 A subcontractor builds an object upon order from the Factory. More...
 

Protected Member Functions

virtual void getCartesian (double const *const dates, size_t const n_dates, double *const x, double *const y, double *const z, double *const xprime=NULL, double *const yprime=NULL, double *const zprime=NULL)=0
 Yield the Cartesian coordinates of the center of the sphere. More...
 
virtual void getVelocity (double const pos[4], double vel[4])=0
 Yield velocity of the center of the sphere.
 
virtual double emission (double nu_em, double dsem, double cp[8], double co[8]=NULL) const
 Emission is determined by spectrum_ and opacity_.
 
virtual double integrateEmission (double nu1, double nu2, double dsem, double c_ph[8], double c_obj[8]=NULL) const
 ν1ν2 Iν dν (or jν) More...
 
virtual double transmission (double nuem, double dsem, double *) const
 Transmission is determined by opacity_.
 
void processHitQuantities (Photon *ph, double *coord_ph_hit, double *coord_obj_hit, double dt, Properties *data) const
 Fills Astrobj::Properties. More...
 
void incRefCount ()
 Increment the reference counter. Warning: Don't mess with the counter.
 
int decRefCount ()
 Decrement the reference counter and return current value. Warning: Don't mess with the counter.
 
int getRefCount ()
 Get the current number of references.
 

Protected Attributes

double radius_
 sphere radius [geometrical units]
 
int isotropic_
 if 1, then emission just returns 1
 
double alpha_
 index Gamma is: alpha_ = 2-Gamma More...
 
SmartPointer< Spectrum::Genericspectrum_
 sphere emission law
 
SmartPointer< Spectrum::Genericopacity_
 if optically thin, opacity law
 
double dltmor_
 see deltaMax(double*)
 
double dltmod_
 see deltaMax(double*)
 
double critical_value_
 See operator()(double const coord[4])
 
double safety_value_
 See operator()(double const coord[4])
 
SmartPointer
< Gyoto::Metric::Generic
gg_
 The Metric in this end of the Universe.
 
double rmax_
 Maximum distance to the center of the coordinate system [geometrical units]. More...
 
int rmax_set_
 Never recompute rmax: it was externally set. More...
 
std::string kind_
 Kind of object (e.g. "Star"...) More...
 
int flag_radtransf_
 1 if radiative transfer inside Astrobj, else 0
 

Friends

class Gyoto::SmartPointer< Gyoto::Astrobj::UniformSphere >
 

Detailed Description

Optically thick or thin, spherical objects.

Gyoto::Astrobj::UniformSphere is an abstract type from which uniform, spherical objects inherit (in particular, the Gyoto::Astrobj::Star and Gyoto::Astrobj::FixedStar classes).

These objects are coordinate-spherical: they comprise all the points within a given radius from a centre. The distance is the usual Euclidian distance in a Cartesian coordinate system which is trivially determined by the coordinate system in which the Metric is expressed.

The sphere is in solid motion: all the points have the same 4-velocity. The centre of the sphere may move. This motion and the velocity are provided by the derived classes through the getCartesian() and getVelocity() methods.

The spheres can be optically thick or optically thin. In the optically thin case, the opacity law provided as a Gyoto::Spectrum also sets both the emissivity. Another Gyoto::Spectrum provides the emission law of the source, which is uniform.

Gyoto::Astrobj::UniformSphere::setParameters() take care of interpreting the XML elements describing the parameters of the sphere:

<Radius> value </Radius>
<Spectrum kind="..."> parameters for this spectrum kind </Spectrum>
<Opacity kind="..."> parameters for this spectrum kind </Opacity>
The following are numerical parameters mostly usefull when the
sphere is far from the compact object. Larger values speed up
computation but may miss the sphere.
<DeltaMaxOverRadius> 0.1 </DeltaMaxOverRadius>
<DeltaMaxOverDistance> 0.1 </DeltaMaxOverDistance>

setGenericParameters() also takes care of calling setParameter().

Member Typedef Documentation

typedef Gyoto::SmartPointer<Gyoto::SmartPointee> Gyoto::SmartPointee::Subcontractor_t(Gyoto::FactoryMessenger *)
inherited

A subcontractor builds an object upon order from the Factory.

Various classes need to provide a subcontractor to be able to instanciate themselves upon order from the Factory. A subcontractor is a function (often a static member function) which accepts a pointer to a FactoryMessenger as unique parameter, communicates with the Factory using this messenger to read an XML description of the object to build, and returns this objet. SmartPointee::Subcontractor_t* is just generic enough a typedef to cast to and from other subcontractor types: Astrobj::Subcontractor_t, Metric::Subcontractor_t, Spectrum::Subcontractor_t. A subcontractor needs to be registered using the relevant Register() function: Astrobj::Register(), Metric::Register(), Spectrum::Register().

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

Gyoto::Astrobj::UniformSphere::UniformSphere ( std::string  kind,
SmartPointer< Metric::Generic gg,
double  radius 
)

Standard constructor.

Create UniformSphere object.

Parameters
kindspecifi kind (e.g. "Star" or "FixedStar")
ggGyoto::SmartPointer to the Gyoto::Metric in this part of the Universe
radiussphere radius
Gyoto::Astrobj::UniformSphere::UniformSphere ( std::string  kind)

Default constructor.

Create UniformSphere object. Use metric(), radius(), spectrum() and opacity() to set the members.

Parameters
kindspecify kind (e.g. "Star" or "FixedStar")

Member Function Documentation

virtual Generic* Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic::clone ( ) const
pure virtualinherited

Cloner.

This method must be implemented by the various Astrobj::Generic subclasses in order to support cloning:

SmartPointer<Astrobj> deep_copy = original->clone();

Cloning is necessary for multi-threading, recommended for interaction with the Yorick plug-in etc.

Implementing it is very straightforward, as long as the copy constructor Generic(const Generic& ) has been implemented:

MyAstrobj* MyAstrobj::clone() const { return new MyAstrobj(*this); }

Implemented in Gyoto::Astrobj::Star, Gyoto::Astrobj::PatternDisk, Gyoto::Astrobj::Disk3D, Gyoto::Astrobj::StarTrace, Gyoto::Astrobj::DynamicalDisk3D, Gyoto::Astrobj::PolishDoughnut, Gyoto::Astrobj::DynamicalDisk, Gyoto::Astrobj::ThinDisk, Gyoto::Astrobj::Complex, Gyoto::Astrobj::PageThorneDisk, Gyoto::Astrobj::DirectionalDisk, Gyoto::Astrobj::PatternDiskBB, Gyoto::Astrobj::Torus, Gyoto::Astrobj::ThinDiskPL, Gyoto::Astrobj::FixedStar, and Gyoto::Astrobj::ThinDiskIronLine.

virtual double Gyoto::Astrobj::UniformSphere::deltaMax ( double *  coord)
virtual
Parameters
[in]coordcurrent photon position
Returns
max( dltmor_*radius_, dltmod_*operator()(double coord[]) )
virtual double Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic::deltaMax ( double  coord[8])
virtualinherited

Get max step constraint for adaptive integration.

Parameters
[in]coordposition
Returns
max step to find this object reliably

Reimplemented in Gyoto::Astrobj::Complex.

virtual void Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic::emission ( double  Inu[],
double  nu_em[],
size_t  nbnu,
double  dsem,
double  coord_ph[8],
double  coord_obj[8] = NULL 
) const
virtualinherited

Specific intensity Iν for several values of νem

Called by the default implementation for processHitQuantities().

emission() computes the intensity Iν emitted by the small volume of length dsem. It should take self-absorption along dsem into account.

Same as emission(double nu_em, double dsem, double coord_ph[8], double coord_obj[8]=NULL) const looping on several values of nu_em.

Parameters
Inu[nbnu]Output (must be set to a previously allocated array of doubles)
nu_em[nbnu]Frequencies at emission
nbnuSize of Inu[] and nu_em[]
dsemLength over which to integrate inside the object
coord_phPhoton coordinate
coord_objEmitter coordinate at current photon position
Returns
Iν or dIν [W m-2 sr-2]

Reimplemented in Gyoto::Astrobj::PolishDoughnut.

virtual void Gyoto::Astrobj::UniformSphere::fillElement ( FactoryMessenger *  fmp) const
virtual

Fill the generic XML bits.

The sub-classes implementations of the Astrobj::Generic::fillElement() method should call Astrobj::UniformSphere::fillElement() to fill the common bits.

Reimplemented from Gyoto::Astrobj::Standard.

Reimplemented in Gyoto::Astrobj::Star, and Gyoto::Astrobj::StarTrace.

virtual void Gyoto::Astrobj::UniformSphere::getCartesian ( double const *const  dates,
size_t const  n_dates,
double *const  x,
double *const  y,
double *const  z,
double *const  xprime = NULL,
double *const  yprime = NULL,
double *const  zprime = NULL 
)
protectedpure virtual

Yield the Cartesian coordinates of the center of the sphere.

If the coordinate system of the Metric object is spherical, use a trivial conversion.

Implemented in Gyoto::Astrobj::Star, and Gyoto::Astrobj::FixedStar.

virtual Quantity_t Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic::getDefaultQuantities ( )
virtualinherited

Which quantities to compute if know was requested.

Return a Gyoto::Quantity_t suitable as input to Gyoto::Scenery::setRequestedQuantities() to set de default quantities to compute for this object. The default of these defaults GYOTO_QUANTITY_INTENSITY.

Reimplemented in Gyoto::Astrobj::PageThorneDisk.

virtual double Gyoto::Astrobj::Standard::giveDelta ( double  coord[8])
virtualinherited

Maximum δ inside object.

Gives the requested integration step δt (in coordinate time t) between two neighbooring points along a portion of geodesic inside an astrobj

Parameters
coordinput coordinate at which δt is given
virtual int Gyoto::Astrobj::Standard::Impact ( Gyoto::Photon ph,
size_t  index,
Astrobj::Properties data = NULL 
)
virtualinherited

Does a photon at these coordinates impact the object?

Impact() checks whether a Photon impacts the object between two integration steps of the photon's trajectory (those two steps are photon->getCoord(index, coord1) and photon->getCoord(index+1, coord2)). Impact returns 1 if the photon impacts the object between these two steps, else 0. In many cases of geometrically thick obects, the implementation Astrobj::Standard::Impact() will be fine.

Impact will call Generic::processHitQuantities() (which is virtual and may be re-implemented) to compute observable properties on demand: if the data pointer is non-NULL, the object will look in it for pointers to properties which apply to its kind. If a pointer to a property known to this object is present, then the property is computed and store at the pointed-to adress. For instance, all objects know the "intensity" property. If data->intensity != NULL, the instensity is computed and stored in *data->intensity.

If data is non-NULL and only in this case, processHitQuantities() will also call ph->transmit() to update the transmissions of the Photon (see Photon::transmit(size_t, double)). This must not be done if data is NULL (see Astrobj::Complex::Impact() for an explanation).

Parameters
phGyoto::Photon aimed at the object;
indexIndex of the last photon step;
dataPointer to a structure to hold the observables at impact.
Returns
1 if impact, 0 if not.

Implements Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic.

Reimplemented in Gyoto::Astrobj::PolishDoughnut.

virtual double Gyoto::Astrobj::UniformSphere::integrateEmission ( double  nu1,
double  nu2,
double  dsem,
double  c_ph[8],
double  c_obj[8] = NULL 
) const
protectedvirtual

ν1ν2 Iν dν (or jν)

Compute the integral of emission() from ν1 to ν2. The default implementation is a numerical integrator which works well enough and is reasonably fast if emission() is a smooth function (i.e. no emission or absorption lines). If possible, it is wise to implement an analytical solution. It is used by processHitQuantities to compute the "BinSpectrum" quantity which is the most physical: it is the only quantity that can be actually measured directly by a real-life instrument.

Reimplemented from Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic.

virtual void Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic::integrateEmission ( double *  I,
double const *  boundaries,
size_t const *  chaninds,
size_t  nbnu,
double  dsem,
double *  cph,
double *  co 
) const
virtualinherited

ν1ν2 Iν dν (or jν)

Like double integrateEmission(double nu1, double nu2, double dsem, double c_ph[8], double c_obj[8]) const for each Spectrometer channel.

virtual double Gyoto::Astrobj::UniformSphere::operator() ( double const  coord[4])
virtual

Square distance to the center of the sphere.

Ensure integration does not miss the object

Implements Gyoto::Astrobj::Standard.

Reimplemented in Gyoto::Astrobj::StarTrace.

void Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic::opticallyThin ( int  flag)
inherited

Set whether the object is optically thin.

Set flag indicating that radiative transfer should be integrated, i.e. the object is to be considered optically thin.

Parameters
flag1 if optically thin, 0 if optically thick.
int Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic::opticallyThin ( ) const
inherited

Query whether object is optically thin.

See opticallyThin(int flag).

void Gyoto::Astrobj::UniformSphere::processHitQuantities ( Photon ph,
double *  coord_ph_hit,
double *  coord_obj_hit,
double  dt,
Properties data 
) const
protectedvirtual

Fills Astrobj::Properties.

processHitQuantities fills the requested data in Impact. To use it, you need to call it in the Impact() method for your object in case of hit. It will fill Redshift, Intensity, Spectrum, BinSpectrum and update the Photon's transmission by calling Photon::transmit(), only if data==NULL.

You can overload it for your Astrobj. The generic implementation calls emission(), integrateEmission() and transmission() below.

Reimplemented from Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic.

virtual double Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic::rMax ( )
virtualinherited

Get maximal distance from center of coordinate system.

Get maximal distance from center of coordinate system at which a Photon may hit the object.

Child classes may use the rmax_ member to cache this value.

It can also be set using rmax(). If rmax has been used to set rmax_, rMax() must not recompute it.

Returns
rmax_ in geometrical units

Reimplemented in Gyoto::Astrobj::Star, and Gyoto::Astrobj::Torus.

virtual double Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic::rMax ( std::string  unit)
virtualinherited

Get rmax_ is specified unit.

Call rMax() and convert result to unit.

Parameters
unitstring
Returns
double rmax converted to unit
virtual void Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic::rMax ( double  val)
virtualinherited

Set maximal distance from center of coordinate system.

Set maximal distance from center of coordinate system at which a Photon may hit the object.

Side effect: set rmax_set_ to 1.

Parameters
valnew rmax_ in geometrical units.
virtual void Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic::rMax ( double  val,
std::string  unit 
)
virtualinherited

Set maximal distance from center of coordinate system.

Call Generic::rMax(double val) after converting val from unit to geometrical units.

Parameters
valrmax_ expressed in unit "unit";
unitstring...
virtual int Gyoto::Astrobj::UniformSphere::setParameter ( std::string  name,
std::string  content,
std::string  unit 
)
virtual

Set parameter by name.

Assume MyKind is a subclass of Astrobj::Generic which has two members (a string StringMember and a double DoubleMember):

int MyKind::setParameter(std::string name,
std::string content,
std::string unit) {
if (name=="StringMember") setStringMember(content);
else if (name=="DoubleMember") setDoubleMember(atof(content.c_str()),
unit);
else return Generic::setParameter(name, content, unit);
return 0;
}

If MyKind is not a direct subclass of Generic but is a subclass of e.g. Standard, UniformSphere of ThinDisk, it should call the corresponding setParameter() implementation instead of Generic::setParameter().

Parameters
nameXML name of the parameter
contentstring representation of the value
unitstring representation of the unit
Returns
0 if this parameter is known, 1 if it is not.

Reimplemented from Gyoto::Astrobj::Standard.

Reimplemented in Gyoto::Astrobj::Star, Gyoto::Astrobj::StarTrace, and Gyoto::Astrobj::FixedStar.

virtual void Gyoto::Astrobj::UniformSphere::setParameters ( FactoryMessenger *  fmp)
virtual

Interpret common XML sections.

The sub-classes subcontractor function (see Astrobj::Subcontractor_t) should call this after creating the object to interpret the common bits (Spectrum, Opacity, Radius):

SmartPointer<MyObject> object = new MyObject (.....);
fmp -> reset();
object -> setParameters(fmp);

Reimplemented from Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic.

Reimplemented in Gyoto::Astrobj::Star.

virtual double Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic::transmission ( double  nuem,
double  dsem,
double  coord[8] 
) const
virtualinherited

Transmission: exp( αν * dsem )

transmission() computes the transmission of this fluid element or 0 if optically thick. The default implementation returns 1. (no attenuation) if optically thin, 0. if optically thick.

Parameters
nuemfrequency in the fluid's frame
coordPhoton coordinate
dsemgeometrical length in geometrical units

Reimplemented in Gyoto::Astrobj::PatternDisk, Gyoto::Astrobj::PolishDoughnut, Gyoto::Astrobj::Torus, and Gyoto::Astrobj::DynamicalDisk3D.

virtual void Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic::unsetRmax ( )
virtualinherited

Set rmax_set_ to 0.

rmax() will then be free to recompute rmax_. Astrobjs which cache rmax_ may need to update it when unrmax() is called.

Reimplemented in Gyoto::Astrobj::Star.

Member Data Documentation

double Gyoto::Astrobj::UniformSphere::alpha_
protected

index Gamma is: alpha_ = 2-Gamma

such that nu*I_nu = nu^alpha_; note that Xray photon

std::string Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic::kind_
protectedinherited

Kind of object (e.g. "Star"...)

The kind should match the name of the class, e.g. "Star" for a Gyoto::Star.

double Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic::rmax_
protectedinherited

Maximum distance to the center of the coordinate system [geometrical units].

Maximum distance from the center of the coordinate system at which a photon may hit the object. Child classes may choose to update rMax at all time or to use it to cache the value, for instance when rMax() is called. External classes (Photons in particular) must use rMax() to access this information.

rmax_set_==1 means that rmax_ was set using rMax() or the constructor. In this case, rMax() must always return this value, not recompute it.

rmax_ is in geometrical units.

int Gyoto::Astrobj::Generic::rmax_set_
protectedinherited

Never recompute rmax: it was externally set.

rmax_set_==1 means that rmax_ was set using rMax(double r) or the constructor. In this case, rMax() must always return this value, not recompute it.

Use unsetRmax() to reset rmax_set_ to 0.


The documentation for this class was generated from the following file: