初次配置图形介面可能不太顺利,新上市的显卡通常不能被 Debian 稳定版中附带的 X.org 完美支持。
A brief reminder: X.org is the software component that allows graphical applications to display windows on screen. It includes a driver that makes efficient use of the video card. The features offered to the graphical applications are exported through a standard interface, X11 (Wheezy contains its X11R7.7 version).
当前版本的X.org 可以自动侦测可用的硬件:适应于显卡和显示器,还有键盘和鼠标;实际上,它是如此方便,以至于软件包不再需要创建 /etc/X11/xorg.conf
配置文件。由于Linux 2.6内核的支持,才使这些特性成为可能(特别是键盘和鼠标),每种驱动会列出它所支持的显卡,并通过使用DDC 协议获取显示器的信息。
The keyboard configuration is currently set up in
/etc/default/keyboard
. This file is used both to configure the text console and the graphical interface, and it is handled by the
keyboard-configuration package. Details on configuring the keyboard layout are available in
第 8.1.2 节 “Configuring the Keyboard”.
xserver-xorg-core 软件包提供X.org 7.x系列的通用X 服务。该服务是模块化的并使用一套相互独立的驱动来处理很多不同类型的显卡。安装 xserver-xorg 确保服务和至少一种显卡驱动被安装。
Note that if the detected video card is not handled by any of the available drivers, X.org tries using the VESA and fbdev drivers. The former is a generic driver that should work everywhere, but with limited capabilities (fewer available resolutions, no hardware acceleration for games and visual effects for the desktop, and so on) while the latter works on top of the kernel's framebuffer device. The X server writes its messages to the /var/log/Xorg.0.log
log file, which is where one would look to know what driver is currently in use. For example, the following snippet matches what the intel
driver outputs when it is loaded:
(==) Matched intel as autoconfigured driver 0
(==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 1
(==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 2
(==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout
(II) LoadModule: "intel"
(II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/intel_drv.so