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### 7. Example problems

The LAMMPS distribution includes an examples sub-directory with several sample problems. Each problem is in a sub-directory of its own. Most are 2d models so that they run quickly, requiring at most a couple of minutes to run on a desktop machine. Each problem has an input script (in.*) and produces a log file (log.*) and dump file (dump.*) when it runs. Some use a data file (data.*) of initial coordinates as additional input. A few sample log file outputs on different machines and different numbers of processors are included in the directories to compare your answers to. E.g. a log file like log.crack.foo.P means it ran on P processors of machine "foo".

For examples that use input data files, many of them were produced by Pizza.py or setup tools described in the Additional Tools section of the LAMMPS documentation and provided with the LAMMPS distribution.

If you uncomment the dump command in the input script, a text dump file will be produced, which can be animated by various visualization programs. It can also be animated using the xmovie tool described in the Additional Tools section of the LAMMPS documentation.

If you uncomment the dump image command in the input script, and assuming you have built LAMMPS with a JPG library, JPG snapshot images will be produced when the simulation runs. They can be quickly post-processed into a movie using commands described on the dump image doc page.

Animations of many of these examples can be viewed on the Movies section of the LAMMPS WWW Site.

These are the sample problems in the examples sub-directories:

body | body particles, 2d system
colloid | big colloid particles in a small particle solvent, 2d system
comb | models using the COMB potential
crack | crack propagation in a 2d solid
dipole | point dipolar particles, 2d system
dreiding | methanol via Dreiding FF
eim | NaCl using the EIM potential
ellipse | ellipsoidal particles in spherical solvent, 2d system
flow | Couette and Poiseuille flow in a 2d channel
friction | frictional contact of spherical asperities between 2d surfaces
gpu | use of the GPU package for GPU acceleration
hugoniostat | Hugoniostat shock dynamics
indent | spherical indenter into a 2d solid
kim | use of potentials in Knowledge Base for Interatomic Models (KIM)
line | line segment particles in 2d rigid bodies
meam | MEAM test for SiC and shear (same as shear examples)
melt | rapid melt of 3d LJ system
micelle | self-assembly of small lipid-like molecules into 2d bilayers
min | energy minimization of 2d LJ melt
msst | MSST shock dynamics
neb | nudged elastic band (NEB) calculation for barrier finding
nemd | non-equilibrium MD of 2d sheared system
obstacle | flow around two voids in a 2d channel
peptide | dynamics of a small solvated peptide chain (5-mer)
peri | Peridynamic model of cylinder impacted by indenter
pour | pouring of granular particles into a 3d box, then chute flow
prd | parallel replica dynamics of vacancy diffusion in bulk Si
reax | RDX and TATB models using the ReaxFF
rigid | rigid bodies modeled as independent or coupled
shear | sideways shear applied to 2d solid, with and without a void
srd | stochastic rotation dynamics (SRD) particles as solvent
tad | temperature-accelerated dynamics of vacancy diffusion in bulk Si
tri | triangular particles in rigid bodies

Here is how you might run and visualize one of the sample problems:

    cd indent
    cp ../../src/lmp_linux .           # copy LAMMPS executable to this dir
    lmp_linux < in.indent              # run the problem

Running the simulation produces the files dump.indent and log.lammps. You can visualize the dump file as follows:

    ../../tools/xmovie/xmovie -scale dump.indent

If you uncomment the dump image line(s) in the input script a series of JPG images will be produced by the run. These can be viewed individually or turned into a movie or animated by tools like ImageMagick or QuickTime or various Windows-based tools. See the dump image doc page for more details. E.g. this Imagemagick command would create a GIF file suitable for viewing in a browser.

    % convert -loop 1 *.jpg foo.gif

There is also a COUPLE directory with examples of how to use LAMMPS as a library, either by itself or in tandem with another code or library. See the COUPLE/README file to get started.

There is also an ELASTIC directory with an example script for computing elastic constants, using a zero temperature Si example. See the in.elastic file for more info.

There is also a USER directory which contains subdirectories of user-provided examples for user packages. See the README files in those directories for more info. See the Section_start.html file for more info about user packages.